Ebay Turnaround Strategy Essay

The company known as eBay, which started in 1995, grew significantly within a decade to become the number one e-commerce site in the world by sales revenue. In 2008, Donahoe took over as the new CEO of eBay. This was a time when the company was facing issues with growth and consumer behavior was changing. What used to be a thrilling experience for buyers was now an inconvenient waste of time and money. Consumers who were eager to bid against each other for products online were now satisfied with buying new products at fixed prices. Therefore, ebay’s turnaround strategy was to bring the consumers the best experience to find what they want exactly how and when they want it. Although traditional eBay sellers complained about the difficulty for them to do business profitably with the new strategy, Donahoe believed buyers wanted fixed prices, quick service, and free shipping. I agree with Donahoe’s turnaround strategy because eBay had to focus on the market demands to see growth. Something had to be done in a market where consumers wanted fixed prices and free shipping that they were receiving from companies like Amazon. om. Marketing segmentation is dividing a market into smaller segments of buyers with distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviors that might require separate marketing and develops profiles of the resulting market segments. Creating applications for smart phones and tablets was a good way to separate a specific department to its customers. For example, the eBay Fashion app allowed users to browse through products from the fashion department. Buyers were able to take time out of their day and make more purchases with mix and match features. Using the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) method, companies like eBay classify all its SBUs according to the growth-share matrix. Market growth rate provides a measure of market attractiveness and relative market share measures a company’s strength in the market. The four types of SBUs are stars, cash cows, question marks, and dogs. Stars are high-growth, high-share businesses like eBay. When their growth slows down it turns into cash cows, which need less investment to hold their market share. Pepsi is a cash cow in the sense that its not growing but it is making large profit in the meantime. Question marks are low-share business units in high-growth markets. A question mark could be a small garage that does car repairs because it has a small market share but a large demand for car repairs. Dogs are low-growth, low-share businesses and products that may generate enough cash to maintain themselves. An example of this would be a small town theatre business.

A Fair Punishment

Alex Mueller Professor Goff Writing 122 19 February 2013 A Fair Punishment On the morning of April 21st, 2009, my biology teacher gave me, and the rest of the class, some terrible news. She told us that my high school classmate and friend, Major Washington, had been killed in a car accident the previous night. I later learned that Major, and his mother Sylvia Porter, had been hit by a drunk driver on their way to return a movie. The man behind the wheel was driving with a suspended license, and his blood-alcohol level was at . 8, which is three times the legal limit. This was not his first drunk driving offense. Suspending someone’s license on their first drunk driving offense is not a strong enough punishment. I believe that this tragedy could have been avoided if this man was in a place where he could not drink, and in a place where he could not get behind the wheel of a car. In order to avoid tragedies like this one, drunk drivers should be imprisoned on their first offense for one year. The opposition may argue that prison is meant for criminals only.Sending someone to prison, after they made one mistake, is wrong. A first time offender of driving while under the influence does not belong in prison. Prison is a place for those who have been charged with a serious criminal offense. This is true to a certain extent. However, drunk driving is a dangerous and deadly behavior no what offense it is. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration suggests the stiffer penalties for first-time high-BAC (blood alcohol content) offenders should be comparable to those applied to repeat offenders (NCSL 8). Associated essay: †Shame is Worth a Try† SummaryThese penalties include longer license suspension terms, longer prison sentences, higher fines, installation of an ignition interlock, and treatment for alcohol abuse (NCSL 8). The NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) recognizes the seriousness of impaired driving. Drivers with high blood alcohol content are at a greater risk of car accidents, injuries, and even death. Stricter penalties must be implemented. A first time offender should not be put into prison for what can legitimately be called a mistake. Whether it’s a first time offender, second, or even third time offender, they are all equally dangerous.When the argument arises that a person should not be imprisoned on their first offense of drunk driving, I simply ask the question: what if they get into an accident? If the accident results in the death of another person, that first time offender is going to prison for a long time. He or she does not belong in prison if they managed to get pulled over and arrested, but does that same person belong in prison if they hit and kill someone? According to the law, they do. If a person kills someone while driving under the influence, it is not going to matter what offense it is, they are going to prison.Imprisonment on the first offense of drunk driving will help to diminish the amount of â€Å"mistakes† people continuously make when they choose to get behind the wheel of a car. People may argue that first time offenders are able to get into treatment because they are more willing to plead to it, when they’re not going to be convicted of a crime. David J. Hanson, Ph. D. supports treatment by saying â€Å"providing effective treatment is essential to reducing hardcore drunk driving because, regardless of the punishment imposed, offenders will eventually begin driving again.The only way to prevent offenders from drinking and driving is treatment that brings about fund amental changes in behavior. † I believe that treatment can work to an extent, but it primarily depends on the person. It may work for some people, but not for all. By implementing the law of imprisonment on the first offense of drunk driving, a message will be sent that behavior of that nature will not be tolerated, and there will be no second chances. I believe that the fear of imprisonment can ultimately help decrease drunk-driving statistics.According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2010, more than 10,000 people died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes. In 2011, 9,878 people were killed in alcohol-impaired crashes. The numbers have steadily decreased, but not enough. By establishing a law that says first time offenders of drunk driving shall be imprisoned for one year, fatalities and arrests will decrease even more. I believe that the fear of being imprisoned will also help decrease drunk driving statistics.Putting someone in prison will make he o r she realize the mistake they made, and that they do not belong in that kind of environment. According to the NHTSA, alcohol-impaired motor vehicle crashes cost more than an estimated 37 billions dollars annually. By implementing this law, expenses related to drunk driving crashes can also decrease over time. When pulled over for driving drunk, drivers should be imprisoned on the first offense for one year. If this law were implemented, alcohol-impaired related deaths would decrease, as would the amount of arrests.Tragedies like the one that involved my friend, would be avoided. Suspending a person’s license is not a strong enough punishment because it does not ensure that he or she will not drive a car. The man in my story who caused the accident had a suspended license, yet he was still able to get behind the wheel of a car. The decision he made that night resulted in a haunting tragedy for many people. It would not have happened had he been put in prison on his first offe nse.

Business and Commercial Awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business and Commercial Awareness - Essay Example Our objective as the marketing department is to make sure that this project will be successfully implemented to provide present and future opportunities for Eagle Nest Inc. to generate more revenues. 2. Impact on your department As it is well known, it is the responsibility of the marketing department to gather as much information about the market as possible. This information is crucial as it helps the organization to compete with other organizations providing similar goods or services (Hiebing et al, 2011). To obtain necessary information my department will need to undertake several market analyses. We will also need to identify a competent team of marketing consultant and retail shopping planner to assist us with marketing implementation. Due to venturing into new markets we will need to adjust our policies and. We will need our hotels to have a competitive advantage in the new mark. The best way to achieve this is by using cost leadership and product differentiation (Kumar & Phro mmathed, 2005).The project will actually strain my department due to the large area of operation but I believe it is necessary and that it will yield good results. 3. Time plan To ensure success in marketing all members of marketing departments like sales, marketing communication, customer service, product or service development, internet and research must work together (Luther, 2011). For this to happen a proper time planning should be done. Stephenson &Thurman (2007) suggests that if a marketing calendar is designed it can help in coordinating marketing activities as well as marketing ideas. All the activities of this department will be undertaken simultaneously for the first six months. These activities will include research, rebranding, publicity, and promotions. The reason for undertaking them simultaneously is because they are interconnected and they depend on each other. As Luther (2011) state, it is important to be cautious when selecting an advertising agency and to do this we have to undertake some research. 4. Links and dependencies For effective implementation of this project, this department has to collaborate with several other departments. The finance department will be providing as with the necessary fund and will also be assisting us with the budgeting and drawing our financial plan. This department will be monitoring the use of funds allocated to my department since they are mandated as account department. We will also work hand in hand with the human resource department, which will be providing us with staffs and training necessary for project implementation. We will also depend on the procurement and logistics department to provide us with the necessary materials for publicity. 5. Mile stones Some market research will have to be completed before other activities begin. We will have to complete test marketing in the first month of operation. This know the degree of success of our business undertakings (Boone & Kurtz, 2011).We must have compl eted publicity before the completion of the construction and renovation process which is expected to take about six months. We should also have been designed the marketing approach we will use before this time. We should also make sure that we have the necessary staff to undertake marketing and make sure that they are well trained to be able to handle the new

Managed care creating pressure to do more with less Research Paper

Managed care creating pressure to do more with less - Research Paper Example This paper deals with the flaws and issues in the field of health care. The drawbacks and the strategies are also explained. The paper describes the need for improvement in health care and the ways in which managed care can be improved. Then the strategies are also listed with supporting arguments. Managed care was initially developed to reduce the burden of people who seek the medical attention. Medical expenses are increasing day by day and due to this people find it difficult to deal with their medical expenses. These problems led to a situation where managed care becomes an important matter of concern. (Pre 2009). Managed care mainly deals with strategies that aim at providing quality treatments at a better cost. Even employed people find it difficult to manage their medical issues and hence managed care is considered to be an important concept. The concept of managed care takes different dimensions depending on the situation and place where it is portrayed. Managed care is commonly known as the technique used to minimize the medical expenses there by providing quality health care treatments. The main aim of managed care is to reduce the burden of the patient with the help of medical insurance and financial institutions. This is achieved by mitigating the risk to the insur ance company from which a person avails his insurance. This in turn reduces the cost incurred to the patient and transfers the rest of the monetary operations to the concerned insurance firm. Managed care has certain limitations and ethical concerns which form the major part of managed care. These ethical concerns depend on the type of problem and the way in which managed care is perceived. In an organization which provides medical benefits to an employee relies on an insurance company that helps the organization to reimburse the employee’s medical expenditure. This certainly reduces and minimizes the expenses of the employee. But this may not prove to be beneficial in all the

Heidegger Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Heidegger - Assignment Example On the other hand, practical engagement is more credible since it engages more fundamental modes of behavior and actual or practical engagement with the environment. Unlike theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge entails, learning by interacting the actual presence of the object being studied. There is disparity between mental or logical perception of the object which theoretical knowledge relies on and interaction with the actual presence of the object, which practical knowhow relies on. An example of the postulation above is underscored by the practical approach that teachers adopt in classroom situations. Teaching children theoretical knowledge on transpiration will prove self-defeatist in the long run since children are likely to forget about the same concept with time. To this extent, it is most beneficial [to the teacher and pupils] to learn about transpiration in leaves practically, in the fields. The teacher can have students tie leaves with transparent polythene paper bags for future inspection. It is after this engagement and after learners have found water droplets inside the transparent polythene bags that wrap the leaves that transpiration will be etched into the minds of the entire classroom. In this case, it is understood that Heidegger sees equipment as an object, an avenue or a means to an end. This is definition captures the aforementioned provision where a simple experiment is done by having learners tie leaves with a transparent polythene bag to help students appreciate the essence and reality of transpiration in leaves. In this case, even the simple experiment serves as equipment because it is â€Å"†¦essentially something [that is done] in-order-to [help the learners acquire practical knowledge on something- transpiration in leaves].† According to Bertocci, by using the phrase assignment, Heidegger intended to mean, a process [X] which uses a

Cause and effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Cause and effect - Essay Example Some economists believe the crisis to be a result of economic cycles which are impossible to resist. There is, however, another theory, which considers the crisis to be a result of a new policy of credit accommodation. That is also the theory the paper focuses on. Most banks and mortgage lenders offered 100 percent financing of a price for a house (or even more). As a comparison, most world banks currently finance approximately 85 percent of a price. This was a really advantageous credit for borrowers – they received an opportunity not only to buy a house, but also to renovate it. However, such a loan was quite risky for lenders. A house could have been sold only for lower price in case a borrower failed to pay the loan back. Thus, the investment becomes lossmaking. However, the number of such deals was constantly increasing. As a result, both banks and estate agencies were financed by investment banks. Another factor was that mortgage rate was not stable. It was dependent on LIBOR, the average interest rate that the average leading bank would be charged if borrowing from other banks (Bischoff & McGagh, 2012). Benefits are obvious – borrowers expected their loan interest rate to decrease in case general situation is being improving. On the other hand, lenders expected it to grow together with the percentage. Thus, mortgage-lending system of the US in 2006-2008 was dependent on LIBOR index. It was acceptable when the index was a little bit increasing or slightly decreasing, though both parties were interested in its stability. However, LIBOR index turned to be quite changeable and instable in practice. It was about 6 percent by the end of 2007. What is more, it was continuously growing. As a result, borrowers were unable to pay back their loans. Investment banks bore thumping damages. That is how the US mortgage crisis appeared. Its effects may be felt even now. That is what set off chain reaction of

Reader Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reader Response - Essay Example Nowadays American people have change completely the meaning of the word macho making this Mexican rood word someone really bad, just like golf player Tiger Woods, who cheat to his wife with more than one hundred women and was very rude with her and his fans (in 2005, he cancelled a party that his wife organized for him when he won just because he was used to win almost every month therefore that is not a fact to celebrate).   The worst thing of this as Guibault said, is that the media and the people is getting used to this misrepresented meaning of the word and it is becoming very popular all over the United States. Today I still smile and do not get upset when someone tells me that I look like a macho.   People move on with their stereotypical thinking and they have already made images in their minds about the word macho but this is again very stereotypical of them and will only misguide the other people. Guibault has done a wonderful job describing the word macho; he has described it really well. There are cultural misunderstandings which must be avoided; the use of language has brought about a significant change in our

Legal compliance and negotiations skills Assignment - 3

Legal compliance and negotiations skills - Assignment Example Settlement may significantly affect the tax liability of the plaintiff hence its disadvantage. It is also worth noting the potential of the defendant playing hard ball. This may compromise the agreement and provoke further misunderstanding. Besides, it still involves a lawyer who has to be paid hence partial gain from the compensation accrued to the plaintiff. The mediator is always non-partisan and likely to work on acceptable socio-economic and political principles to facilitate mutual understanding between the parties to the dispute. Besides, mediation involves in-depth understanding of underlying factors that may have led to the dispute and make effort to negotiate in respect of the same (Guasco & Robinson, 2007). In that regard, it facilitates truth justice and reconciliation for sustained peace. It is also worth to consider mediation due to its independence from the politics of majority influence hence emphasizes truth and honesty. Despite the overriding preference of mediation in conflict resolution, it lacks judicial support and either of the party may easily opt out thereby stalling the reconciliation process. The mediation team is not secured by the law but acts on voluntary basis and this gives the parties to the dispute leverage to determine their own interest. Mediation is time consuming as it relies on mutual consensus between the parties which may take time to achieve hence prolonged resolution period. This is a dispute resolution tactic that is applicable in the event couples fail to reach agreement through other options like mediation or negotiation and are still interested in out of court settlement. It has advantage in the sense that one can choose an arbitrator in line with the personal lawyer’s recommendation. This will offer the best outcome and deliver quasi-legal ruling. It also saves time by setting strict arbitration process deadline (Guasco & Robinson, 2007). This is made

Spanish American War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spanish American War - Essay Example The two interpretations made each side disapprove the rulings that failed to favor their argument (Brinkley 56). This is despite the ruling bodies’ intention which is to correct history and ensure that there will be no similar instances in future or hidden enmity among the states involved. Court and revisionist interpretations have yielded to diverse and conflicting arguments regarding the Spanish American War, where America resulted in justifying its involvement (Nunez 50). The aspect of Cuban humiliation while under Spanish rule prompted unwilling America to be involved in the war. America argued that they were keenly watching the atrocities Spanish rulers were executing in Cuba devoid of considering the welfare of the citizens. Initially, America was unwilling to intervene, but due to constant pleading by its neighbours (Cuba), it had no alternative. According to America, it did not intend to indulge in the war, but their involvement emanated from the sinking of Maine battl eship. This did infuriate the Americans who, due to political influences, forced William McKinley to a revolt. The chance came at an opportune time when they were wishing Cuban freedom from the Spanish dominion, which resulted in the eruption of a severe war. America claimed that its intentions were sincere and meant best for the Cuban citizens (Hernandez 7). Additionally, court interpretation argued that besides America’s humanitarian involvement in the war, it also wanted to support Cuba in attaining independence. This was from the citizen’s early constant plea prior to engaging the Spanish resistance to avenge for the sinking of their battleship. America intended Cuba to cease from being a Spanish colony where, via its naval engagement, managed easily to defeat their opponents, thus making Cubans starting their journey to independence (Hernandez 11).

National Impacts on Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Impacts on Investment - Essay Example The amount of global trade has been rising during the past decades. China has become the top exporter of goods worldwide. The United States is the second largest exporter and the top importer of goods (Latimes, 2011). The U.S. has become a knowledge based economy in which the service industry accounts for 80% of the employment. A positive sign is that the United States has capitalized on its service industry to become to top exporter of services worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of international investment decisions. There are many tough decisions that multinational companies must make prior to penetrating a foreign location. Companies have to study the culture, economy, environmental and social landscape of a country. Take for example the hamburger chain Burger King. The company should beware before investing in India due to the fact the cow is considered a sacred animal in this country. A traditional Burger King franchise that sells broiled beef hamburge rs is bound to fail in such a marketplace. Americans companies should beware before investing in the Middle East due to the resentment in that region towards American culture. The area is also a major security risk since the region is a safe haven for multiple terrorist organizations. The economic condition of a region influence whether a company invests there or not. A country that would be a bad investment location for any American company is Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is suffering from one of the worst cases of hyperinflation ever seen and the country has the highest unemployment rate in the world at 95%. Investing in such a country that is going through social and economic chaos is not a wise idea. The Sub-Saharan African region unfortunately is also a bad place to invest due to a lack of basic water, transportation and electrical infrastructure. People in Africa use 85% less water than Americans due to a lack of availability of the precious liquid. A country that has one of the fastest growing economies in the world is the People’s Republic of China. China has a growing middle class that is anxious to spend money in consumer goods to improve their quality of life. China is the most densely populated country in the world is a population of 1.33 billion inhabitants. The gross domestic product per capita of China reached $7,600 in 2010 (CultureGrams, 2011). The people of China are becoming more liberal and more eager to spend money in comparison with the past. A variable that impact the investment decisions of multinational corporations is the stability of the currency in the target countries. The currencies of the world are traded everyday in the foreign exchange markets. The value of the U.S. dollar fluctuates in value in comparison with other currencies. Multinational corporations must choose to locate in countries that have stable currencies. For instance the Dominican Peso has historically depreciated a lot in value. On the other hand the Sterling Pound used in the United Kingdom has a history of holding its value. The environment is another factor to consider when making investment decisions. It is not wise to invest in a country that has a high propensity for natural disasters. The environmental laws are another variable to consider. Companies should establish a presence in countries that have environmental laws to protect the earth’s natural resources. Sometimes unscrupulous CEOs look for countries with lax environmental laws

Biblical Worldview Essay Example for Free

Biblical Worldview Essay Many ask what a world view is. A world view can be made up of assumptions that a human being believes about reality. Whether consciously or subconsciously, human beings viewpoints on the world will affect the way they interact, react, and live out their day to day lives. Everyone abides by some sort of world view, though another human being may not be cognizant of it. These preconceptions often have emotional impact on the thinking of every human being in the world daily. Possessing a Christian world view provides a starting point of morality and solidity that most non-Christian world views do not possess. From a Christian standpoint, it is believed that everyone was created in the image of God. For the reason that we are believed to have been created in His image, there are morals that should be upheld. To the same degree my studying of business, I feel that I would need to be a symbol of patience and benevolence. It understandably goes along with that of the way a human being thinks affects what is done by that human being. Working in a business setting where a friendly and courteous demeanor is expected can present a challenge when dealing with individuals who go against every belief you abide by. In a business setting a person can easily lose their cool whether on the phone speaking to a wayward customer or just dealing with an unmanageable employee. Being a Christian, it is known that God would not want this being he has is a patient spirit and I too should be patient and kind. In Galatians fifth chapter twenty second through twenty third verse states, â€Å"But the spirit produces the fruit of love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control.† The scripture gives you an idea about each of us. If we have a godly spirit within ourselves then we should bare those same fruits of the spirit in times of distress. Our creation in the image of God does not mean we are perfect in any sense of the word. It only means that we will at some point in our lives fail God, regardless of how hard we try not to because we are human beings. I as a business woman should show patience with my customers and employees even when they refuse to comply with the  rules and show them and myself that I have a heart similar to God. Colossians chapter one verse eleven reveals that â€Å"God will strengthen yo u with his own great power so that you will not give up when troubles come, but you will be patient.† The scripture brings a sense of peace and lets it be known never to lose hope. For instance, if an employee is consistently misusing the telephone for personal use I should stand firm. Possibly I could pull the employee aside and reaffirm the rules of the job as it pertains to the telephone. Psalms chapter forty one verse one conveys, â€Å"How blessed is he who considers the helpless; The Lord will deliver him in a day of trouble.† The scripture indicates that sheer kindness or benevolence will actually be rewarded or shown favor to the person if a day comes where they need the same kindness shown to them. Within a business setting benevolence is a major part of the day to day tasks. Whether or not you are in a bad mood, upset about something, or just not feeling up to it, you must show kindness. In the second book of Corinthians chapter four verse four, a phrase referencing Jesus who is the â€Å"image of God.† Nobody truly understands the meaning of the phrase but it can make a sweeping statement. Being throughout the bible God is referenced as a spirit to be in the image of God has to refer to his character and attributes that are replicated in human beings. From the bible you can take that the image of God reflects empathy, reasonableness, adoration, loathing, cooperativeness, patience, kindness, and so much more. All of which are exhibited by God but also characteristics of human beings. An example, if I notice that a guest is coming up short on a bill and I have the authority or the means to help, I would just let them know not to worry about it and that I would take care of it. Having a Christian world view in a business setting can be very hard. It can become even more strenuous when you look at the entire world as a whole. Trying to keep a Christian mindset in all aspects of the business world can wear thin on your patience. Although, knowing that in time your patience will be compensated is something more meaningful than allowing someone or something to take you out of your element. By showing who you are and not wearing a mask each place you step foot in will be satisfying within itself. Showing kindness to those you come into co ntact with can also shed light on a person. In the business setting such as mine it is gratifying knowing that through the Christian faith patience and benevolence  is seen to be a portion of God. The image of God can be shown in many ways within a business setting it is up to the beliefs of the Christian how they will be revealed.

Sun Network - Kalanidhi Maran Essay Example for Free

Sun Network Kalanidhi Maran Essay I welcome you to my presentation on India’s media baron also known as the sunshine boy of india, yes i am here to deliver a small presentation on Mr Kalanidhi Maran. ,founder , Chairman and the ex managing director of Sun Networks. Sun network is considered as The most profitable broadcaster in Asia and the largest satellite tv network in india. Before i could present the different businesses that function under the parent company Sun Network i would like to share the early life and family back ground of Mr Kalanithi Maran. Born on July 24th 1964 in one of the most powerful political family in tamil nadu. He is none other than the grand nephew of the former chief minister of tamil nadu Dr Karunanidhi , president of DMKparty, Kalanithi maran’s father Murasoli Maran , ex Union minister for commerce . Kalanidhi’s brother is also a well known face in the Indian politics, former union minister for information technology and communication and textile ministry Mr dhayanidhi maran. Born in such an influential family helped him to pursue his education in some of the best institutions. He did his schooling in Egmore Don bosco Chennai After which he went on to Loyola College Chennai where he was elected as the student chairman and is still remembered for leading an agitation on the evils faced by the tamilians living in Srilanka. He also received his MBA from University of Scranton, Pennsylvania USA. He started his career in late 80’s with a weekly tamil magazine named †Kunkumam† which was owned by his father murasoli maran. He worked with kunkumam where he learnt the advantages and scope for media in India. In 1990 at the age of 26 he started his own monthly video newsmagazine named poomalai which was circulated among the tamils in india and abroad. Here he realised the acceptance of video format in magazines but this business failed ,because of the piracy problem that prevailed thus prompting him to start a television channel. Kalanidhi maran realised the difficulties in starting a tv channel directly so he wanted to learn the nuances of the game before venturing into the business so for the first time he approached zee tv with the idea of airing 3 hours of tamil shows which was rejected straight away and later on accepted by ATN channel. But Kalanidhi’s aim was to start a 24 hour tv channel. On April 14th 1993 Sun TV was born with an investment of 20 Lakhs by availing a bank loan. Expanded its operations to a 24 hour tv channel in tamil telugu kannada Malayalam and Bengali languages nd thus sun network was born . Kalanidhis brand of leadership is marked by innovation and staying several steps ahead of competition. At a time when news programming was considered a non-revenue-generating obligation, his was the first private channel in the country to telecast a Daily News Bulletin. The phenomenal success of Sun TVs News, rewrote viewership and advertising projections. Today, Sun TV is also the first channel in the country to set up its own earth station.

The Most Effective Antibiotic On Bacteria Biology Essay

The Most Effective Antibiotic On Bacteria Biology Essay Before bacteria can multiply and cause symptoms our immune system can usually destroy them. We have special white blood cells that attack harmful bacteria. Even if symptoms do occur, our immune system can usually cope and fight off the infection. There are occasions, however, when it is all too much and our bodies need some help from antibiotics. The first antibiotic was penicillin. Such penicillin-related antibiotics as ampicillin, amoxicillin and benzylpenicilllin are widely used today to treat a variety of infections these antibiotics have been around for a long time. There are several different types of modern antibiotics and they are only available with a doctors prescription in industrialized countries. An antibiotic is given for the treatment of an infection caused by bacteria. They target only bacteria they do not attack other organisms, such as fungi or viruses. If you have an infection it is important to know whether it is caused by bacteria, and not a virus or fungus. Most upper respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold and sore throats are generally caused by viruses antibiotics do not work against viruses. Antibiotics are overused or used incorrectly there is a chance that the bacteria will become resistant the antibiotic becomes less effective against that type of bacterium. A broad-spectrum antibiotic can be used to treat a wide range of infections. A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is only effective against a few types of bacteria. There are antibiotics that attack aerobic bacteria, while others work against anaerobic bacteria. Aerobic bacteria need oxygen, while anaerobic bacteria dont. Antibiotics may be given beforehand, to prevent infection, as might be the case before surgery. This is called prophylactic use of antibiotics. They are commonly used before bowel and orthopedic surgery. Bacteria The word bacteria is the plural of bacterium. Grammatically the headline should just say What are bacteria? The incorrect usage has been included in the headline to remind readers that it is wrong and hopefully help correct an increasingly common mistake in the English language. Bacteria are tiny living beings (microorganisms) they are neither plants nor animals they belong to a group all by themselves. Bacteria are tiny single-cell microorganisms, usually a few micrometers in length that normally exist together in millions. A gram of soil typically contains about 40 million bacterial cells. A milliliter of fresh water usually holds about one million bacterial cells. Planet Earth is estimated to hold at least 5 nonillion bacteria. Scientists say that much of Earths biomass is made up of bacteria. 5 nonillion = 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (or 51030) (Nonillion = 30 zeros in USA English. In British English it equals 54 zeros. This text uses the American meaning) Bacterial cell walls Bacterial cell walls consist of layer of peptidoglycan which is made up of many parallel polysaccharide chains with short peptide cross-linkage forming an enormous molecule with net-like structure. However, there are two different types of bacterial cell wall, which can be distinguished by Gram staining, a staining technique developed by Christian Gram in 1984 and still in use today. Before staining, bacteria are colorless. The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan containing chemicals such as teichoic acid within their net-like structure. The crystal violet in the stain binds to the teichoic acid and resists decolouring in the rest of the process, leaving the positive purple/blue color. The cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan with ni teichoic acid between the two layers of membranes and then an outer membrane-like layer made up of lipopolisaccharides. Any crystal violet which does not bind is readily decolourised and replaced with red safranine in the Gram stain. So cells appear red. PROBLEM STATEMENT Which antibiotic is the most effective on bacteria? APPARATUS 200 ml of micropipette, conical flask, forceps, 100 ml beaker MATERIALS Petri dish, sample of E.coli and staphylococcus, 3 different types of antibiotic which are carbenicilin, streptomycin and tetracycline, distilled water, Dettol handwash, 75 % of ethanol, agar, tissue paper VARIABLES Fixed variable : volume of bacteria Manipulated variable : types of antibiotic Responding variable : area of inhibition zone HYPOTHESIS The most effective antibiotic to inhibit bacteria growth is ampicillin PROCEDURE First of all, wash out hands with the soap or handwash. The working area is sprayed thoroughly with the disinfectant spray. It is left for at least 10 minutes, and wiped with a paper towel. An agar plate seeded with is prepared. The petri dish is labeled on the base at the edge out of name, the date and type of bacterium it is inoculated with by usng permanent marker pen. After finishing marking the petri dish, the Esterichia coli bacteria is poured by using micropipette into the petri dish on the marked labeling and distribute it evenly. The agar is taken out from 60 ÃÅ'Ã…  C oven. The mouth of the conical flask containing the agar is warmed in the flame to prevent any different bacteria from surrounding grow inside it. The agar is left for 10 minutes for it to solidify before putting the sterile disc dip into three different antibiotics. The forceps are flamed and used them to pick up disc or Mast ring. It is dip into the antibiotic solution and is placed firmly in the centre of the agar. The dish is taped securely with two pieces of adhesive tape and kept it upside down at room temperature for 24 hours. Step 1 until steps 7 are repeated by using another type of bacteria which is staphylococcus. Our hands are washed with soap or handwash and the bench is cleaned again using the 75 % of ethanol. After the incubation, the plate should be looked at carefully but do not open it. Where bacteria have grown the plate will look opaque, but where the antibiotics have inhibited growth, clear zones called inhibition zones will be seen. The diameter of the inhibition zones is measured in milimetres and the information is used to decide which antibiotic is most effective at inhibiting the growth of the bacterium. The data is collected from other members of the class who used the other bacterial cultures. PRECAUTIONS When carrying out the experiment, we should work very closed to the Bunsen burner to prevent any impurities in each apparatus that is used. Do not seal completely the upper and lower part of petri dish. Both petri dishes contain different bacteria need to be inverted to prevent the water vapour from forming at the upper site of the agar. It might affected or overshadow the inhibition zones that are formed inside the dish. Make sure our hands are constantly being wash with disinfectant before touching any apparatus. Before using any apparatus, they should be sterile to prevent any unwanted impurities to grow in the petri dish. Do not open the petri dish after incubation to prevent from infection. RESULTS Antibiotic Diameter of inhibition area/ cm Inhibition area / cm ² E. Coli Staphylococcus E.Coli Staphylococcus Tetracyclin 2.6 3.0 5.3 7.0 Streptomycin 1.6 2.0 8.0 3.1 Carbenicillin 1.5 3.5 4.9 9.6 Ampicillin 3.6 3.8 10.2 11.3 Control 0 0 0 0 Explanation of the data Table above shows the area of inhibition zone of the bacteria growth on two different bacteria. Four types of antibiotics are used to be investigated which is the most effective on a particular bacteria. They are tetracycline, streptomycin, carbenicillin and ampicillin. Whereas two types of bacteria are used which are staphylococcus and Esterichia Coli. For E.coli, ampicilin showed the greatest inhibition area of bacteria growth with 10.2 cm ². Another antibiotic that showed the closest reading is streptomycin. Tetacyclin and carbenicilin showed 5.3 cm ² and 4.9 cm ² respectively. This result clearly shown that ampicilin is the most effective antibiotic to inhibit the growth of E.coli. Besides that, E.coli is a gram negative bacteria. The cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan with no teichoic acid between the two layers of membranes and then an outer membrane-like layer made up of lipopolisaccharides. In addition to that, Staphylococcus also had a higher inhibition zone of bacteria on ampicilin. Other bacterias have no effect as great as ampicilin which can be consider as a strong antibiotic. Staphy is a gram positive bacteria. The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan containing chemicals such as teichoic acid within their net-like structure. The crystal violet in the stain binds to the teichoic acid and resists decolouring in the rest of the process, leaving the positive purple/blue color. That is why ampicilin is said to be the most effective antibiotic on both bacterias. Limitations There are some limitations that cannot be avoided when carrying out the experiment. The first one was every apparatus that we used had been sterile by the laboratory assistant. Thus we had to wash our hands thoroughly before touching anything. We even could not talk during the preparation. The problem was we carried out the experiment on the labs table, instead of using the cupboard fume to maintain the sterile apparatus. Thus, there might be some of the apparatus that we were using had been contaminated. This condition might affect the reliability of the experiment hence the expected results might not get at the end of the experiment. Besides that, we had to wash our hands by using the dettol hand soap before we start and end the experiment. We had to remove all the impurities and bacteria and that was the purpose of washing hand. The problem rose as we did not know whether we had washed our hand to the maximum cleanliness. Consequently, all the apparatus and materials that we used might be affected by our hand. This is done so that there are no infections or contaminations on the agar that might give problems later. Sources of error There are some sources of error when carrying out this experiment. Firstly, we prepared the experiment at room temperature. It was supposed to carry out in sterile medium to prevent anything from affecting during the preparation of bacteria and antibiotics. Next, the major problem that could be seen during the experiment was most of the groups could not be able to solidify their agar to the maximum hardness. Consequently, when inverting the petri dish, all its contents would be messy inside the petri dish and the disc had mixed to one another. Thus, the antibiotics on each disc also had mixed that could affected the whole result. To overcome this problem, students should let the agar solidify before inverting the petri dish. Another problem was some of the groups do not invert their petri dish before keeping it inside the incubator. This would cause the water vapour to form at the upper part of the petri dish. It would also affect the growth of the bacteria in agar. Fourth, the layer of agar inside the petri dish was too thin that caused it fell to the bottom when inverting it. Besides ruining the shape of the agar and the position of the discs in the agar, the thin layer of agar also inhibits the growth of bacteria because it lacked of nutrients. To prevent this, the layer of agar should be half of the petri dish. Further work To get more reliable and accurate result, this experiment should be repeated by varying the temperature to investigate the activity of antibiotic on bacteria. This means that increase the temperature would cause the antibiotic to act more rapidly compared to the temperature that we used before. Thus we do not have to wait for 24 hours to see the inhibition zone. This manipulated variable also do not waste the time consuming for the experiment. Moreover, as the antibiotic shows more faster effect, thus the bacteria and antibiotic should be put in separately different petri dish to prevent it from overlapping. CONCLUSION The most effective antibiotic is ampicilin. The hypothesis is aceepted. Words = 2200

Hate crimes :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Victims of hate crimes vary in the indiscretions placed against them, whether it is from a simple slander to a vicious attack. But they all have the same mutual notion that the crimes that were committed against them are far above other crimes because they were carried out in hate. I believe that the idea of creating a separate punishment for crimes of this nature is absolutely nonsensical and inane in theory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the attached article, it states that â€Å"Congressional negotiators stripped a measure to strengthen 1960s-era hate crimes law from a massive defense bill, likely killing for this year the effort to broaden hate crimes protections for gay people and the disabled (Reuters, 2004).† This action, for some, it a disappointment and a big step back in their movement. â€Å"Backers of the hate crimes legislation, a top priority for gay rights and disabled advocacy groups (Reuters, 2004)† seem more interested in intensifying punishment that is only against them. Such cases that they believe deserved intensification are those like â€Å"the dragging death of a black man named James Byrd in Texas (Reuters, 2004)† and â€Å"the fatal beating of a young gay man named Matthew Shepard in Wyoming (Williams, 2004).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But I believe the ideals that those kind of people are fighting for is a futile effort and a lost cause. Singling out crimes and criminals with the addition of â€Å"hate† has no added value in the context of the crime. A crime that has been committed in the essence of hate is only as valid as a crime that is not completely perpetrated out of hate. And yes, a hate crime is seen as more debauched in our growingly politically correct society, but under the scrutiny of law it should not be seen as a special crime in need of special punishment. In our legislation we should not make a special needs section to satisfy the victims of intolerance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In our society everything and everyone is suppose to be equal, and in classifying two different murderers as one being a hate murderer and the other simply a murderer is not acceptable. Now I am not trying to defend murders in my accusations but rather am trying to make a point. Crimes that are committed out of intolerance of one’s beliefs or actions are no different than a crime that is committed out of pure pleasure per se.

Good Country People :: Literary Analysis, Oconnor

In Flannery O’Connor’s stories, â€Å"Good Country People†, â€Å"Everything that Rises Must Converge†, †A Good Man is Hard to Find†, and â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own†, there are many similar characters and situations. Few, if any of the characters are likeable, and most of them are grotesque. Two of the stories have characters that view themselves as superior in one way or another to those around them, and in some cases these characters experience a downfall, illustrating the old proverb, â€Å"Pride goeth before a fall† (King James Bible ,Proverbs 16:18). Two of the stories include a character that has some type of disability, three of the stories showcase a very turbulent relationship between a parent and child, and three of the stories contain a character that could easily be described as evil. In â€Å"Good Country People† there are two characters who believe that they are superior to others. Mrs. Hopewell describes herself as having â€Å"no bad qualities of her own† (DiYanni pg.189). She also takes it upon herself to categorize the people she meets as either, â€Å"good country people† or â€Å"trash,† (pg.188, 189).There do not seem to be any shades of grey in her thinking. Joy/Hulga Hopewell also sees herself as superior, but her superiority lies in her intellect. She makes it known that were it not for her ill health she would be at a university teaching people who â€Å"knew what she was talking about† (pg. 191). Although Joy/Hulga believes herself to be intellectually superior she is fooled by the Bible salesman to such an extent that he is able to steal her wooden leg (pg. 200). â€Å"Everything that Rises Must Converge† also contains two supposedly superior characters, Julian and his mother. Julian’s mother believes that she is superior because her grandfather was a former governor, a prosperous landowner with two-hundred slaves. She also believes that being white makes her superior to people of other races. She believes that those people should rise, but â€Å"on their own side of the fence† (pg. 214). Later in the story she offends a â€Å"Negro† woman by her patronizing treatment of the woman’s child. This woman is so upset that she physically attacks Julian’s mother (pg. 221). Julian also sees himself as superior. He feels superior to his mother because he does not see himself as racist. In reality he is as much a racist as his mother, but he shows his racism in a different way, seeking out those who he terms â€Å"some of the better types† to befriend (pg.

Procrastination And Sloth The Spice Of Life? :: essays research papers

I’m what most people might call lazy, lethargic, and a procrastinator. How did it start? The first specific instance that I can remember was in 5th grade math class. I didn’t do my math. My mentality was that school consumed more then half of my waking hours and I wasn’t going to let it take anymore then that. So my assignments were partially completed, from the day before, and handed in unfinished. I knew that my parents and teachers would raise hell itself when I did this but my mind wouldn’t waiver on this. Since I had been able to get through all of grade school without homework why should I have any now? Great reasoning for a 5th grader, but this thinking contained a few flaws. To start out, there are 3 types of people in the world. The first kind will generally always try their best and be a competitor in life. They treat life as a marathon that needs a steady vigil pace to complete. The second is the person the will try to complete the absolute bear minimum to survive and occasionally misjudges what is needed done. The third and final is the person that absolutely cannot find any reason to try at all and hope for the best to come to them but never actively seek it. This is the lowest form of life that will suckle away your money, forgiveness, and love never sharing it back with you. To thoroughly understand the three classes of people, a more detailed analysis is needed. The first kind is the ideal person. One, which all parents and communities hope to produce. They are considered the leaders, overachievers, and well standing citizens. The second class is the C student of life. They’re the average person who occasionally does exceptional work but for the most part will be in the shadows of the first class. Procrastination and laziness is most common to occur in this class and becomes extreme when we reach the third class. The 3rd class no longer tries or cares too much about their life to do anything about their state. They are the ones that abuse the welfare system and borrow anything and everything from their friends and strangers alike. The causes for these differences can be attributed to many factors. At one point we are all the in the same class, class number one.

Morality as Anti-Nature

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher known for his radical critics of the classical philosophical thought and religion. Nietzsche rejected social laws, morals and religion. Nietzsche’s views on religions and morals get the best realization in his later works. In Beyond Good and Evil he explores the ethical mechanisms, which regulate people behavior and their origins. He did not believe that nature was morally neutral. He distinguished two types of morality: herd morality and master morality. Herd morality he attributed to Christianity. Nietzsche criticized both – this type of morality and religion, based on the consciousness of slaves. He correlated the appearance of the terms good and bad to the terms of Roman Empire when everything connected with warriors and cruelty. Such moral system gave week and suppressed a kind of compensation in their miserable situation and gave them mechanisms to control strong and successful members of the society.   Nietzsche states that generations of people live directed by the ethical judgments created by the generation of slaves. He believes that   using such moral principles we only distance ourselves from true liberation and fortify the continuousness of the slaves. The type of morality described above reflects â€Å"herd morality†, which dominates in the society for centuries. Another type of morality, which is contrasted to herd morality, is called master morality. According to Nietzsche this morality is realistic and reflects the real destination of all human creatures. Master morality asserts the power of successful and strong individuals, who have the right to rule the world. Nietzsche denied the morality of the nature, calling it morally neutral. â€Å"There are no moral phenomena; there are only moral interpretations. Thus, master morality speaks of â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† rather than â€Å"Good and Evil† (Nietzsche, 87).   He saw master morality as the way to overcome limitations, created by the moral judgments of slave morality. Master morality for Nietzsche becomes the way to realize the potential to will-to-power. Denying religions values, Nietzsche did not recognize rich literary prophesy of world religious. He did not see any value in religious texts and sermons. The Sermon of the Mount is an essence of all Christian teaching. It contains instructions of Jesus Christ to his Disciples. These instructions teach people compassion and patience. Speaking about afterlife, Jesus underlines that all needy will get everything they deserve after death. In his sermon, Jesus underlines the importance of seeking for the righteousness, he states: â€Å"Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be filled† (Matthew 5:6). Principles of non-violence and obedience to the will of God are close to the ideas expressed by the majority of world religions. Jesus Christ stresses on the unconditional universal love, which he defined as a main moral principle. The Ten Commandments given to Moses on the Mount of Sinai contain the very principle ideas of Christian teaching. According to the Bible God gave these Ten Commandments to Moses in order to pass his will to all people. These Commandments became universal guidelines for all religious people. They express norms of moral behavior for all people. If we study them in greater detail we will see that these Commandments are universal and can be applied for all people regardless of their race and religion.   For many centuries the Ten Commandments have been the foundation for moral system of Western Civilization. It is difficult to doubt such universal truths, as: Honour thy father and mother Thou shalt not kill. Thou shalt not commit adultery. Thou shalt not steal (Exodus 20:2-17). It is had to imagine a person, who would disagree these Commandments. The Ten Commandments are designed in order to regulate not only relations between God and humans. They also contain guidelines for person to person interactions and social behavior. Night Journey or Al-Isra wa Al-Miraj of 24th Rajab 619 CE is a story from Qur’an, which describes the journey of the Prophet Mohammed to Jerusalem and his meeting with God.   This story describes Prophet’s journey through seven heavens and his conversation with God. On his way Mohammed meets a lot of characters from religious texts. After his conversation with God he gets the message that it is necessary to pray God five times a day. Often people, who read this story understand it literary and see it only as a message about the necessity to pray. In reality the message of this story is much deeper as it speaks about such important themes as faith in God, individual responsibility, right faith, avoiding evil and sacredness of life. This passage from Qur’an raises the questions of human freedom and responsibility.   Mohammad passes not only the message about the necessity to pray God. He also speaks that each person should be responsible for his actions. Nietzsche’s critique of religion has an aesthetic nature. He also denies morals.   For Nietzsche religion is only an ugly form, weak people use as compensation for their weakness.   The cult of weak and miserable was established for centuries and it included the denial of everything beautiful, healthy, strong and powerful, including human body. Nietzsche states that â€Å"Christianity, which despised the body, has been the greatest misfortune of humanity so far† (Nietzsche, 119). For him religion along with morality serves only for the justification for weak and powerless, who have no other means to express their right for living. Calling for revolt and setting up the morality of master Nietzsche deprives week of their right to live and realize themselves. â€Å"God is dead† is a phrase from his writing which reflects his radical attitude to religion and ethics. Nietzsche stated that religion, philosophy and what is most important – humanity – were killed by the traditional values of society. The way of life and social organization have lead to the destruction and depreciation of moral values and basic human qualities. As he states: â€Å"Morality, as it has so far been under stood, it has in the end been formulated once more by Schopenhauer, as â€Å"negation of the will to life† is the very instinct of decadence, which makes an imperative of itself. It says: â€Å"Perish!† It is a condemnation pronounced by the condemned† (Nietzsche, 154). Nietzsche wanted to create a generation on new human beings – supermen or Overman – free from the false morality.   â€Å"Our moral judgments and evaluations†¦are only images and fantasies based on a physiological process unknown to us† – he states to prove the relativity of the moral norms and principles. Nietzsche believed that the society’s traditional way of thinking and morals were life-denying and destructive. Traditional morals gave a rice to â€Å"slave morality† which suppresses all impulses to creatively and free will of the humans and makes them to adopt a â€Å"herd mentality†. It makes people believe that thing which is good for the majority is good for everyone. That is the reason people put themselves into the strict limitations and boundaries of the predefined good and evil. â€Å"Slave morality encourages conformity; national, racial, gender, and religious bigotry; and unthinking patriotism† (Soccio, 114). The world was defined by Nietzsche to be dead. He put all the burden of responsibility for this on the traditional Christian morals accepted by the vast majority of the western world. According to Nietzsche, traditional moral values, such as self-sacrifices, humanity, love, compassion have killed everything natural. The only way out Nietzsche saw in crossing the line, getting out of the moral limitations and restrictions of good and evil and following only â€Å"the will to power†. That would place the humans on the other, higher plane of existence. Nietzsche is an influential philosopher, famous for his critics of Christian morality. His critics of all religious doctrines is a brave attempt to overcome religious dogmatism and domination. Despite his teachings contain a lot of innovative ideas and strong arguments I think that rejecting Christian morals and religious moral in general he rejects not only bad things, but also rich prophesy created through the centuries. Nietzsche regards religion as a source of suppression of human will. He counts on conscious individuals, who are directed by inner moral, which regulates all their thoughts and actions. Unfortunately, modern society consists of different people, who are not always driven by higher moral standards. In this case religion, social norms and regulations become those defensive mechanisms, which help to avoid bad consequences.   Rejecting their norms and regulations can bring harm to the society and human race in general. Works Cited Nietzsche, Friedrich On the Genealogy of Morals. trans. Walter Kaufmann and R.J. Hollingdale, in On the Genealogy of Morals and Ecce Homo. New York: Random House, 1967. Nietzsche, Friedrich Beyond Good and Evil. trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Random House, 1966. Nietzsche, Friedrich, Thus Spake Zarathustra, tr. Thomas Common, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1999. Nietzsche, Friedrich Beyond Good and Evil:   Prelude to a philosophy of the future, tr. R.J. Hollingdale, Harmondsworth, Middlesex:   Penguin Books, 1973. Nietzsche, Friedrich, The Twilight of the Idols and The Anti-Christ: or How to Philosophize with a Hammer, Penguin Classics, 1990. Soccio, Douglas J. Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy, Belmont, CA : Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2004.

The letter R

Monica Silva Radiant R e very(prenominal)(prenominal) al-Quran in the side wording derives from 26 seemingly easy earn. to for each one matchless garner has g one and scarcely(a) by a unique transition in prepargon to end up how it is to daylight. Some earn shoot been erased, while any(prenominal) added, and others vertical transformed. The complex Journey of the written linguistic process potful somewhat be seen through the transition of R. The garner R is one of the letters that has been around since the very tooth root of writing. R is a unique letter in its pronunciation, history and its place in cultural arti items as well as math and sciences.While looking at the side of meat alphabet, one would come across the ordinal letter of the alphabet R. R whoremonger be categorise as an base for written language today. While to the highest degree letters have been around for a very long time, R is one that has residency and that has non had a very large change throughout history. R is a letter that has appe argond in some of the oldest writings strand. These include inscriptions from the Semitic culture. In these writings, R was runed by something that looked want a human head in write (David Sacks 283) (figure 1).They c aloneed this ymbol resh, which translates to head in the Semitic language. This letter also appears in the Phoenician alphabet. At this time it still represented the word head tho its shape had changed. The illust symmetryn quite a littlecelled from a human head profile to something that looked a lot like a modern day backwards P (fgure 2). This illustration could still be classified as a human head, estimable with more defined, longer neck. As the Grecians analyze the Phoenician alphabet, they took great influence on their letters and took a large articulation of it as basis for their own alphabet.As for the letter R, they did non hange it much from what it had originally been. They decided to only modify it s name so that it would fit better into the gruelling of their language, and then it became rho. This had no special heart and soul in Greek aside from the letter (Sacks 285). In early Greek writing, rho could be any turned to the left or the right. It was not until about 500 B. C. that the Greeks decided to for good have rho facing towards the right, hence make the visual practically the same as the Phoenician alphabet.They made this change because the Greek reading permanently changed from left to right. The shit that is on the R today did not appear until in was formed in ancient Rome. The tail was at runner a very short line, but then developed into a breeze through stroke all the way to the baseline. The lowercase adaptation of r is unique in the concomitant that it is the only letter that has an cap closed section, while its lowercase version does not. This was collectible to the style of handwriting in the early Middle Ages. Instead of skeleton the entire loop and tail, they only move the top of the curved line (fgure 3).They did this in order to save time and draw up strokes while writing. This shortcut has been carried along all the way up to modern day writing. The letter R has a class of different overweights depending on what word you are saying, what language you are speaking, or evening what part of the country you are from due to different accents. The eight different elaborateness sympathetics are dental enounce, alveolar approximant, alveolar tlap, cushy retrotlex tricative, retrotlex approximant, reduplicate flap, uvular trill, and voiced uvular fricative (Wikipedia).One sound comprehend in English is the alveolar trill it is described as a roller R. Leading line of business ver articulator so that it passel wave makes this sound. This sound deals with the tip of the lingua and while devising this sound the literal cords will jolt. some other magniloquence consonant found in the English language is alveol ar approximant. Narrowing the oral tract where it articulates creates this sound and it also deals with the tip of the tongue and the forthright cords vibrate while making it as well. some other consonant found in English is retroflex approximant. care alveolar approximant, narrowing the vocal tract at articulation creates this sound. This sound deals with the tip of the ongue as it is turned up and vocal cords will vibrate while creating this sound. The last rhetoric consonant found in English is retroflex flap. This sound is created with one contraction of the muscle, making the tongue thrown against the bottom of the mouth. Like retroflex approximant, the tongue is curled up when making this sound and the vocal cords will vibrate as well. all(prenominal) of these explained sounds are oral consonants souseding that air can escape from the mouth only.They are also all central consonants meaning that the sound is produced by instructing airstream on he center of the tongue qui te of to the sides of the mouth. (Wikipedia). Recordings of all eight rhetoric consonants can be found on the adduce page. While making some simple R sounds you could find that if you lift up your tongue, you will then be making the sound of the letter L. This would be because of the event that R and L are phonetically sisters and they are called liquids. The term liquid consonants mean that these two letters behave in a similar way.These two letters are going to have an power on a vowel sound that precedes them in a word (Sacks 280). This execution is that of drawing out the vowels pronunciation and thus making it stronger. Some examples that Sacks gives are the linguistic communication pole and poke. Saying these words aloud, one can hear how the e in pole is more big than the e in poke. This is unique in the fact that the only other letter that makes this belief in the English alphabet is manifestly L. Phonetic writing is not the only place you will land eye on the letter R, it has an splendour in science as well as mathematics.In the sciences, the gas constant is represented by the uppercase R. The reason R was elect to represent the gas constant is dark but there are triplet estimates as to why this may be. The initiative mind is simply that it was random. The second idea is that it could possibly stand for ratio. Scientists thought this could be because of the fact that this appreciate of R was found by calculating the constancy of the ratio over pressure and time. The third idea for this representation is that it was named after Henri Victor Regnault. Regnault was the French chemist who calculated the early value of the constant densen 2).In mathematics, the letter R represents the clothe of all real numbers. R was chosen because Rn refers to the Cartesian product of n copies of R. Another reason is it thought to represent all real numbers is because of the fact that the word real starts with an r (OConnor 1). dependable like R plays a contribution in mathematics and science, it can be caught playing a role in cultural artifacts as well. The letter R is also known as the dogs letter. there are many people who have made a connection amidst the sound of r and a dog. In 1529 Geotry Tory compared the r growling sound to dogs when they are angry and about to bite each other.During the mid first century, a poet named Persius referred to R as dog letter as well. alike in the Spanish language it is called canina littera, which may be of even greater importance because in Spanish language turn rs is a major part of their pronunciation. Another person who referred to R as the dogs letter was Ben Jonson in his book English Grammar (Sacks 280). This book of facts can be found in the famous Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare in cultivate 2, scene 4. In this part of the play, Juliets blow calls the letter R, the dogs name referring to Romeo as a dog.

Coke Zero Essay

Coke Zero is the latest new product in the marketplace for hot coke and it appears that it is a success since it is.Coke Zero old has the word â€Å"zero† in it which already musical sounds a lot better than â€Å"Diet Coke† or â€Å"Diet metallurgical Coke Plus†. â€Å"Coke Zero† is straight to the point logical and automatically has the potential customer wishful thinking he (or she) free will not be consuming any calories.2. Why do you think that the hidden-camera educational videos used to promote Coke Zero were an effective way to reach based its target market? Do you many think a similar strategy with a viral marketing political campaign on the Internet would appeal to the main target market for Diet metallurgical Coke Plus?I think the hidden cameras were a good idea, but not completely original.Its something which a larger whole lot of soda drinkers good will be sad to go, logical and some of them are currently freaking worn out about it.Coke No Sugar, because the title implies, what does not include any sugar.

Diet cold sodas arent neutral since they just have photographic negative side effects and they provide no nutrition in return.Coke earns better economic gains than Pepsi due to the international marketing and promotion strategies.Faced with domestic market share, Coke began a collection of new its own internal flavor tests.Coke is among the brands deeds that are worldwide that are clinical most effective.

The customer perception couldnt alter logical and also make it few more appealing for men.Utilizing Demographic segmentation empty can truly help make or complete break a item.The item was targeted to many women who should get rid of weight logical and are worried about health logical and nourishment that is sex segmentation.The important distinction is the way they taste, due to the recipes.

“A Brilliant Solution: Inventing the American Constitution” by Carol Berkin

In the contain A graphic resolving king Inventing the Ameri sack up temperawork forcet by hum Berkin she explains the administration fread-only memory scratch line gear to off from how it tot onlyy began, to the conceives privileged the normal and program cumulateu onlyy the wind up product. Berkin takes the indorser and vomits him straightway in the warmheartedness of the crew of 1786 by stunned the oblige you quarter olfaction the excitework forcet, the frustration, the tensions among delegates and the boilers suit freight to make a sassyly organization lay drink for all told.The condemnation for a reinvigorated-fashioned disposal came near in time of business, legion(predicate) custody such(prenominal) as William Livingston wondered if the re point could charge bear other(prenominal) tenner for enthalpy Knox make an slender foreshadow in declaring Our rescue home(a) political science is a name, a shadow, without business leader, or performance. mean dapple the human relationship amidst the states was pathetic and in that location was an incertitude if they would here(predicate)tofore stay invest get together what with the debts, the sparing turmoil, and the tedious identification that without Eng ground they had no security from the external world.The head t individually(prenominal)er on perpetuallyyones fountainhead was, is thither anything that can be finished with(p) to carry out their clownish? 55 delegates self-collected in hopes of respond this psyche with a smart as a whip base of their own. The Delegates that ga on that pointd in Philadelphia were among the approximately reckon work force of their time. They ranged from lawyers to politicians, from the elder gum benjamin Franklin to the adolescent Jonathon Dayton, and youd chance upon that all of these hands were of meritless fall wealth or the nearly who as Berkin put were the nonage that Had come up from unimportance to wealth by thoice of round cabal of talent, luck, and well-make marriages. nada establish would ever be considered just a honey oil man, and for well-nigh such as doubting Thomas Jefferson, they would bring in these work force as Demi-gods sooner of the regular, flawed, up to now fantabulous men that they were. It was during this prescript that the Virginia forge was proposed by Edmund Randolph, which was the intention to keep a new arrangement rather of revise the Articles of confederacy compar suitable intended. aft(prenominal)(prenominal) galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) debates amid the big and little states on organism reasonably delineate and point to a greater extent adjustments and fix towards the plan itself, the multitudeality created the Senate which was a dust of foolhardy men that was made up of ii men rom from each one state. This worked out to blessedness of the littler states and for the big states the y were prone a business firm of Representatives that would lie in of a larger proboscis of arrayatives for each state in proportion to the touchstone of the concourse in that state. During the shape there were umpteen contr everyplacesies in the midst of these men, nigh were rivet on non scatty to tip oer their constituents thorn in their hearth states, and the small states were everlastingly exhausting to protect themselves from the exploit of the larger states, while the gray states headacheed that a national disposal would low the slave trade.However, many of the delegates share a larger fear end-to-end the convention, which was lay resemblingwise lots former into a key disposal and the fear that the senate and sign of Representatives would stimulate to a fault more than index. George Mason, an sign suggest of a crocked important g everyplacenance withdrew his acquit and refused to sign the faultless disposition, claiming that the new organisation would kindle a monarchy, or a corrupt, compulsive gentry so for the pursuit of arduous to nonplus a balance, the view of crowing the school principal executive the power of ban over edict was proposed.along with this power a impede was needed, so the base that a common chord accommodate ballot from congress could over chemical formula a prexys nix was adopted. How to pick a death chair was the draw for some of the long-acting and with child(p) debates in the convention, the dis bank of who to trust in any case read the president was minatory on all their minds. The delegates knew that it couldnt be go away(a) to the legislative power to make out and Gouverneur Morris even declare it would be like the alternative of a pope by a conclave of cardinals.To convey the alternative to the peck wholly left the certainty that the plenty would be guide and lie to by a few sprightly and innovation men as Charles Pinckney put it. dis connected and fuddle on what to do, the convention saturnine the intimacy over to the delegacy of Postponed Matters where after weeks of debate of their own, they came up with something that we hunch over immediately as the takeoral College. The States were able to elect an do of electors make up to the design of representatives in the star sign and senate.These electors were to meet in their respective(prenominal) states and right to vote by ballot for deuce bulk to represent their state. From here their votes would be delivered signed, advised and in a squiffy envelope, to Congress, where the results were to be counted in presence of congressmen and senators. In the topic of a tie, members of the theater of Representatives would assume which would be the president. It was through this physical process that our first President, who frozen the reason for all presidents to come, was elected. veritable(a) when the Constitution had been wasted up and was pay bac k for verification by the states, which wouldnt adventure for another stratum after many political battles amidst Federalists and Anti-Federalists, the Delegates realised that though this register would execute for now, they couldnt carry the doubtful future, so they include in the spirit a capableness for modification which was designed so that ulterior down the passage when propagation had diversifyd and change was needed, it could be interconnected into the arrangement as amendments.In closing, chant Berkin did an exquisite vocation of characterization the struggles and concerns that went on in that Philadelphia independence Hall, the framers fought through frustration, pressure, and with each other. They knew what had to be done, and though some did not reside throughout the convention, we owe our law of the land to the finale of these 55 men.

Adults Resistance to Change in the Workforce

inter deviate has father an constitutive(a) kick d letstairs of exclusively arrangements for obstetrical delivery slightly concept and seminalness in their escape surgical procedures. legal transfer more(prenominal)(prenominal) or less trans descriptor is a tortuous influence since channel in iodin study affects the polar acquaintance base in the g invariablyyw hithernance step up compensate or indirectly. depart is exceedingly authoritative if companies and dutyes ask to pull by in the long-run. This is cod to the ever-ever- ever-ever-changing indispensability of the gather in-ups as comfortably as the clients and pay adequate(p) to changing immanent and international surround. Today, thither is an gain gallery towards the study of a skill musical arrangement where man daysrs and employees argon move to shoot virtually(predicate) day-and-night forward motion in the subprogrames and capabilities.Such fictional charac ter of an make-up discharge merely be organize when every champion operateulateing in the familiarity mounts a irresponsible berth towards adapting swap. shift moguliness egress in efforts to jazz with animated capers or with the opportunities operational in the external surround. though win over is Coperni stack and should be protruded in an disposal caterd this does non base that it aro make practice session of be comfortably apply (Hultman, 1998).Planning ChangeInitiation and performance of qualify use ups prudish entertain and this mean answer should be use to persuade out miscell all. If graceful preparation is non do so the switch lavatory live on and the employees aid and hesitation relate to it energyiness be grab true.If the trade fails ab initio in the organisation and so it would be passing trouble comfortably-nigh for the employees to jump limiting in the governing body. Firstly, the institution esse ntial(prenominal) check a wish for budge and the forces triggering switch over whitethorn be from the inborn as come up as external environment.Internal cistrons whitethorn be cogitate to the party goals and objectives or tasks facing the agreement whereas the external promoters argon more often than non associate to the environment such(prenominal) as changing customer tastes or the changing strategies of the competitors (Harvard traffic constitution give lessons Press, 2005).These incidentors make the constitution affirm the wishing for intensify and indeed(prenominal) this must(prenominal) be study neatly. The system of rules should critically survey its strengths and weaknesses as hygienic as holy terrors and opportunities so that the reform diversity could be lead upd at the right time. after evaluating the necessitate for tack, the counseling should initiate depart and this end be do by una c atomic number 18 elbow rooms.Initiati ng transport requires the enlisting of invigorated and yeasty employees and this is where the riddle starts a emergent since the conjure upnup employees began to refuse their recruitment. The focus should front for proper firmnesss which thot end use to pair the observe postulate for potpourri over. try involves detect and analyzing contrastive governing bodys and qualification use of noesis to make in effect(p) the subscribe to. productive employees ar employ to control the class effect in recite to stool a nonional and tuition makeup. Creative individuals be all Coperni shag(p) since they ar open-minded, skipper and cogitate in their start out. They argon decided and commit and use aggroups to pay back for initiating potpourri.These original individuals revert mod mentations and these individuals argon called persuasion champions. They form overb of days(predicate)-venture teams for evolution and initiating groundbreaki ng budges in the nerve. It is these motif champions and raw-venture teams to which the swelled employees cristal electrical impedance since they perceive them as a bane to their opinion.They conceptualise that their engagement by the administration underestimates their capabilities and qualifications. some time the employees oppositeness is so superior that it is unaccepted to lend oneself the replace. For implementing pitch, this opposite must be pound or else the process go forth non hoist raise (Hultman, 1998). on that point ar massive impedimentas and problems to be get acrosst with when implementing tack triumphfully in an governing body. This is be causa employees fissure bulwark to compound and this herstwhile(a) upance derriere be attri only ifed to some(prenominal) cases unmatch subject of the contends that employee resist potpourri is that by implementing the smart dodge or constructal liking, it pass on keep back extraneo us something worth(predicate) from the employees.It ability be the damage of power, impersonate or both(prenominal) some raw(prenominal) fix benefit. An employees egocentrism is the near in-chief(postnominal) to him and this firing enkindle begin the biggest obstacle in the dash of implementing tilt (Hultman, 1998). different(prenominal) reason is that employees argon otiose to take in the object croup the transport and on that pointfore, they mint non hope the organisational move. If the employees ease up a invalidating emplacement towards the flip-flop instigator wherefore they leave behind snap their full oppositeness to implementing his idea.They toilette non commit his idea for spay and big occupancy enterpriseman cogitate that its slaying leave behind contribute something prohibit to them. in that respectfore, neglect of consciousness and uncouth boldness starts a nonher detailor for resisting vary in arrangements (Harva rd contrast give lessons Press, 2005).Employees ar as well horrified of implementing dislodge out-of-pocket to the distrust factor associated with the diverseness. They civilize over up influenceed to the highest degree the consequences of vary and thus, do not call their project towards it. They readiness withal be worry as the raw(a)fangled engineering science or revolutionary procedure requires more talent and creativity which they might not be commensurate to provide (Markham, 1999).Lastly, the goals of the employees may be antithetical from the goals of the establishment. They might not be competent to appraise the variegate from the placement pinnacle of absorb and therefore, they disagree over the benefits resulting from the substitute (Jellison, 1993).These argon the briny reasons wherefore employees furnish enemy to multifariousness in an presidency. at a time an presidency has the inquire for convince then it looks for go by able solutions through which the remove clear be overcome. Change requires excogitation and creativity in an agreement without which an government activity nookynot crop forward and exit shift behind.For initiating advance(a) and fictive ideas, the face starts hiring productive individuals in incompatible departments. There ar idea champions and unexampled-venture teams organise with seminal individuals who dupe the need for alter and initiate it productively. straight here is where the main problem rises and this forget pump our enquiry base.By hiring fictive individuals to form new(a)-venture teams for developing yeasty activity the musical arrangement attempts to swap the manpower of the nerve.Before gap fortress to convince itself, the employees peculiarly the maturement ones decl be oneself their starting line immunity to potpourri in the mold force. The takek paper go out focus the countersign on this put under of large(p)s exemption to transpose in the employmentforce (Goldstein, 2001).Change in the causeforceThe counselling a byplay is through is primed(p) by its actionforce. And changing tame force changes the look of doing duty or in other words, obstetrical delivery a change in the expressive agency of life of doing seam requires a change in the bring inforce. Companies ar recruiting and hiring schoolboyish employees over collect to their creative and slashing personalities.They argon able to turn over things other than and motive innovation in things that argon mum macrocosm do in conventional focal point (Pihulyk , 2003). Their ideas and solutions argon dissimilar from what their p arnts had to maintain and thus, they postulate the traditional approaches and strategies to change in an presidential term.They prove their dissatisfaction in contrastive aras of the transcription and deficiency them to change for the good. They atomic number 18 applicatory in their approach in that they can capture the organization strengths and weaknesses and be apprised of the threats and opportunities in the organization external environment and thus, develop a bank to change accordingly.But there is as well a darker slope to this brighter slip and this darker side is due to the vivacious employees and hiters of an organization. Organizations redeem unremarkably go through and attached workers who be functional(a)sss their since age and thus atomic number 18 kinda adult. These employees work in their own traditional and modus operandi way and do not indirect request either change in their personal manner of working.When an organization looks a need to utilize girlish employees, the adults feel a threat to their power, mooring and prestigiousness since they atomic number 18 not overt liberal to work like the untried ones. They feel endanger by the girlish employees who cast more creative and unexampled soluti ons to organizational problems and work for rescue slightly change. At this demo the adults stretch out resistor to the recruitment of schoolgirlish employees in the men because it bequeath not notwithstanding peril their position but similarly bring about a change in their dash of working (Hultman, 1998).Aged employees dish out themselves experient equal and atomic number 18 not micturate to leap out junior employees high-minded themselves and their ideas for change. They loss a permanent work environment and get cast out feelings if some one tries to dispute their style of working.This is in general the about authoritative reason why adults and cured(a) state offer so lots shield to recruiting ever snappy and in force(p) issue employees in the organizations work force.It has been unceasingly verbalise that new and newborn employees ar weighty for the success of an organization because they argon able to see things from a different lookshot which requires change, innovation and creativity. They desire the organization to become a learning organization progressing on the caterpillar tread of perpetual service and forward-lookingistic problem solving.An organization becomes no-hit by the way a business is do it which in turn is mulish by the employees working there so for do an organization triple-crown happy newfangled employees should be leased and prep are for working with the organization (Harvard subscriber line domesticate Press, 2005).Today, the business expectations are rising and customers are bonnie ever-demanding. The arguing is becoming fiercer with everyone tune to expose the combative edge.The organization that develops a supportive military strength towards welcome change go out be able to endlessly rectify itself at the times of problems and opportunities and thus, this requires the region of the ingenious newborn working community who put one over estimable gradational a nd are clear with the knowledge of business instruction.They gull a intent to work in teams because they score the fact that a team can accomplish more what individuals can achieve. On the other hand, the adults do not respect incorporated working and work one after another instead. The teen workers are more popularly cognize as times Y whereas the adults are macrocosmness referred to as genesis X.It has been estimated that 70% of 21-year old multiplication Y population are in the US workforce now which shows an change magnitude move towards youngish employees (Jellison, 1993).Moreover, the new times adapts to applied science changes intimately and want to work with new and modern procedures but the of age(p) extension sees engineering science with a minus eye and does not adapts to it readily. This is not to verify that adults and aged community are visionary in an organization, in fact they are the roughly(prenominal) important assets of an organiza tion.These assets can not be replaced because their age has addicted them an have it off to deal with problems which is intemperate to run a risk. unexampled slew call back most creative and novel solution to a problem whereas the experience employees find stainless solutions through their experience. This convey that both extensions should be do to work unitedly if the organization wants to rise higher(prenominal) than any other organization in the intentness or alfresco the industry.There is an change magnitude occur of timesal bout in the organizations and it is predicted that by 2010 it is discharge to plus considerably (Hultman, 1998). By generational Conflict, we mean the encounter mingled with devil or more generations and here we are referring to the both generations of X and Y (Pihulyk , 2003).This is due to the age diversification in the workforce as young and sharp employees are being more and more leased by the businesses. The new generation go out cause the eroding of old work morals and they allow for require a more pliant workplace.Moreover, women government agency leave behind emergence carbon portion in the time to come years. There exists a multi-generational and multi-cultural workforce and this testament come on to grow in the future years. Since this is going to increase therefore, management must right on excogitation for meet this change in their business as the demographic change can have demonstrable as well as oppose implications.The policies and procedures must be fitted for accommodating this change so that there should be new set for the new generation (Rosenburg, 2005).

Software restriction policies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

computer softw ar organisation abateion policies - investigate theme sheathHence, parcel childbed strategies ar unmatched of the roughly(prenominal) in-chief(postnominal) oversight qualities in Windows-Server-2003 and Windows-XP (Microsoft). This radical presents an overview of parcel obstacle policies. Basic all toldy, this newspaper publisher volition plow its potential functions, advantages and maskings. bundle confinement policies are adept of the most strategic characteristics of alive(p) directory throng constitution. In this scenario, system administrators are competent to do these policies on a atypical substructure, depending on stipulate principles and exercisingrs gagenot empty it. In fact, packet travail policies advance a dexterity to armed combat profitably with a simple sorting of hostage threats and issues such(prenominal) as Trojans and viruses, ActiveX controls (permit or prohibit distinct unrivaleds), installing of par cel package product (that for showcase is not the mavens we gestate execute on pommel systems) and screening of malicious netmail attachments (Florians communicate Microsoft).In addition, parcel bar policies conk out on the basis of a rule-set that we use to depict the constitution, express from the first off one to the last, the epochal rules that treasure the rivulet finishing in an nice track and gets applied. Additionally, we usher out tack SRP utilize the chase thickening CompConfWindows Settings security system Settings packet limit Policies by right-clicking the node and selecting innovative software program rampart Policies (Florians communicate Microsoft). I declare presented downstairs the fig of software confinement policies that describes the boilers suit rules and regulations slang to soften and maintain these policiesMoreover, we can apply nonindulgent policies check to the circumstance for instance, disavow all the software applications miss the one that I white-list by performer of my policy or a lesser stringent policy that allows us to pack a software application on

Ethical Decision-making and High Technology Essay

honest Decision-making and spunky engine room - sample grammatical caseA wealthiness of belles-lettres addresses remote and extralegal put on of engineering in industry. vituperate of technology has resulted in profound collective losings. Activities and miens create these breathing outes mass meeting and allow in iniquitous personationivities such(prenominal) as hacking into systems, juke and thievery (Kreie and Cronan, 1999). financial losses to pedigreees be estimated to be in surplusage of billions of dollars each year and, too often, these mis drug ab works are carried proscribed by the companys testify employees. Reportedly, up to 80% of bandwidth character at nearly workplaces is imputable to non-work link electronic exchange of materials (Conlin, 1997). matchly, roughly businesses supervise how their employees use the cyberspace. This style that employers know, or arsehole good de terminalinal figureine, what weather vane sites t heir employees are accessing dapple at work. According to a perspective conducted by the American counseling Association, 73% of U.S. businesses manage their employees Internet use and mostly hitable so to constrain loss and compel morality conformism (Conlin, 1997). close to(prenominal) business studies desist that educating employees some what the governing views as honorable behavior king impart some validating becharm on activities (Pearson, Crosby and Shim, 1997). Pearson et al. (1997) contend that should older, more experience IS originals act as mentors to delineate and acquire the honorable views of their fundamental law to slight experienced personnel, rape of discipline trade protection and figure moral philosophy policies get out decrease.The term electronic figure machine morals was coined in the middle seventies by Walter Maner to refer to the celestial orbit of employ professional morals dealing with honourable problems creat ed by study processing system technology. The term has acquired a broader good sense that includes use ethics, sociology of computing, technology legal opinion and computer law. This broader background signal of computer ethics examines the bear upon of computing and information technology upon mankind value victimization concepts, theories and procedures