eletion essays

eletion papers The two primary possibility for the appointment of 2000 are George W. Shrub and Al Gore. Al Gore, obviously, being the current Vice President. I have never been into the entire legislative issues game. In any case, realize that I am 18 years of age I believe I should begin giving more consideration to policy centered issues. I don't have the foggiest idea whether I am going to cast a ballot this year, and on the off chance that I did I don't have the foggiest idea who I would decide in favor of. I truly don't think a lot about either canditate. All I know is that Gore is Vice President to Clinton, and we as a whole expertise a great many people feel about Clinton. With the goal for me to make a judgment on who I am going to decide in favor of I might want to know where each canditate satnds on various policy centered issues. A portion of the issues I will cover are fetus removal, wrongdoing, drugs, training, condition, and weapon control. These are the issues I am generally intrigued by, and I might want a president who concurs with me on a decent part of these issues. To begin, I am going to state where I remain on every one of the isssues. I at that point will satiate where each presidential canditate remains on each issue. The primary point I might want to talk about is premature birth. Fetus removal is somewhat of a major thing to me. I am one of the individuals who is against premature birth. I feel fetus removal is somewhat similar to kill. I realize it is simple for me to state that fetus removal isn't right, since I have never gotten a young lady pregnant. I comprehend that a few tees commit errors and need to address those slip-ups. However, I feel more individuals should go to bat for their missteps and make some move. Rather than having the infant prematurely ended, the guardians should put the kid up for selection. Imagine a scenario in which that child was going to concoct a solution for malignant growth. I wager the guardians would not need o prem aturely end the kid at that point. Premature birth is one territory I concur with Bush. Shrubbery needs to chop down the measure of premature births given out the entire year. Hedge additionally needs to surrender the decision of having premature births to the state. Blood, then again, needs to leave the decision in the w ... <!

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

Understanding reaction - Essay Example The Allies had to close down as post First World War the partners were reliant on the United States for military and arms as well as for fuel, food and other essential necessities. Be that as it may, just a portion of the Wilson 14 focuses made it to acknowledgment especially five of them the lay were dismissed on the occasion of being excessively eager and ridiculous. The difficulty of these focuses ruled the Great European forces and the encounters of wartime. Aside from the Russian departure and the Belgium reclamation different focuses made more negative vibe than beneficial outcomes. For instance, the settlement of pioneer asserts, the French contested domains; the Italy outskirt alterations dependent on nationality and so forth totally caused more strain and new national questions as opposed to taking care of any issues. Along these lines not all the focuses introduced by the President were productive in creating world harmony. The most significant point in my view and as per the chronicled viewpoint is the last point. ‘Establishment of the League of Nations to make sure about common certifications of autonomy and regional integrity.’ (President Wilsons Fourteen Points). This League of Nations was framed through the beginning of the Second World War and planned for weakening national power and making worldwide and universal government. Be that as it may, this didn't emerge according to the discourse yet this point was the foundation of the 14 focuses discourse by the President Wilson in

Racism in the USA

1. Bigotry is a social issue dependent on segregating individuals of other races.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Racism in the USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More 2. Prejudice as the biased and harsh perspectives and practices against individuals having a place with various races can be considered as a social issue talked about all around on the grounds that it relies upon the vision of race as a social development. In this manner, bigotry is seen when individuals are separated into classifications due to their races and positive racial (frequently physical) attributes, and the delegates of specific races are seen as sub-par due to social racial generalizations. 3. Distinctive populace classes can be influenced by bigotry everywhere throughout the world with references to the nearby dreams of either race as mediocre. In the USA, such minorities as African Americans, Latin Americans, and Asian Americans are influenced by bigotry on account o f their organic contrasts, for example skin shading, and in light of the created social generalizations and partialities corresponding to the job of these individuals in the public eye. In this manner, three racial gatherings including the ethnic minorities in the nation are influenced by bigotry altogether. As per 2000 US Census, in excess of 36 million African Americans (13% of the American populace), and 47 million Hispanics (15.4% of the American populace) live in the USA. Asian Americans present 4% of the American populace (2000 US Census, 2012). Therefore, over 32% of the entire American populace experienced immediate or roundabout segregation and misuse due to their race in 2000, and this number increments. For example, 61% of Latin Americans emphasizd the issue of bigotry in 2010, contrasting and 47% in 2002 (2000 US Census, 2012; Clarke Thomas, 2006). 4. African Americans and Latin Americans are influenced by the issues associated with bigotry in numerous circles of their r egular day to day existence. For example, regardless of the reality 58% of African Americans live in metropolitan territories and they are instructed, they experience the ill effects of racial segregation corresponding to business and wages paid for their work (Tsuda, 2012). In spite of the fact that prejudice and racial segregation is lawfully restricted in the USA, there are numerous types of the backhanded separation created inside network (Tsuda, 2012). African Americans, Latin Americans, and Asian Americans are tested to be segregated as a result of race during the regular collaborations at schools and work environments by the agents of the American ‘white’ majority.Advertising Looking for article on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The issues of creating generalizations concerning the minorities’ insight and job inside society, provocations, and misuses are introduced in the American cultu re. The issue is in the way that various projects meant to lessen prejudice, (for example, Affirmative Action) are seen by the ‘white’ Americans as segregating their privileges. 5. In the USA, the issue of prejudice is regularly examined as identified with the time of bondage. The others focus on the way that the issue got not dire during the 1960s, when Jim Crow laws were nullified (Takaki, 1993). Actually, prejudice is a trademark highlight of the advanced American culture which adversely influences the delegates of such minority bunches as African Americans, Latin Americans, and Asian Americans. Direct racial separation is precluded in the nation where beyond what 32% of the entire American populace can't be talked about as ‘white’. By the by, the issues of aberrant social separation, reflecting in emphasizing imbalances and racial generalizations, are every now and again saw inside the general public. Accordingly, bigotry as a social issue ought to be t ended to on the grounds that individuals ought not be isolated into substandard and unrivaled gatherings due to their organic characteristics and races as all people are brought into the world equivalent. References 2000 US Census. (2012). Web. Clarke, K., Thomas, D. (2006). Globalization and race: Transformations in the social creation of obscurity. Durham: Duke University Press. Takaki, R. T. (1993). An alternate mirror: A past filled with multicultural America. Boston: Little, Brown Company. Tsuda, T. (2012). Migration and ethnic relations in the U. S. USA: University Readers.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Racism in the USA explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This article on Racism in the USA was composed and put together by client She-Hulk to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Health Promotion Essay Samples

Health Promotion Essay SamplesHealth promotion essay samples may come in a variety of forms. Perhaps you will find yourself tasked with writing a grant proposal, an advertisement, or even to write a syllabus. For that matter, these essays may be required to be presented in a classroom or on a presentation board.You may think of writing a health promotion essay as filling in some blanks in a story that you have been telling yourself. But health promotion essays have the opportunity to be written in a number of ways. Take the time to decide on a more structured approach that will take the form of a PowerPoint presentation.A health promotion essay sample has the opportunity to be one of the most comprehensive tests of your expertise. It has the opportunity to provide you with information, motivation, or points of importance. A health promotion essay sample can be a personal statement that showcases how you think, help you articulate the motivational essence of the information you have p rovided. It is important to spend time creating a personal statement to assess your level of development. It is also important to take into consideration your personality as you portray the story you have been telling yourself.A health promotion essay can be highly personalized. It can be written as a letter or as a poem or as an article. The key is to write it in a manner that will add value to you as an individual. After all, you do not want to be competing against other individuals that are equally gifted in their own ways.An education and research on health promotion can help you write a health promotion essay. If you have an interest in a field such as nutrition, consider the teaching experience of the discipline. Perhaps you will find yourself hired to write a syllabus or project for a health care provider. If you enjoy science and research, then consider a career in science or a career in the medical field. If you enjoy writing, you may want to consider writing a memoir, jour nal, or letter. If you have spent time with the outdoors, then consider writing an article.Health promotion essay samples can be written as a personal story. In this way, you will be more involved with the essay than is customary. You will have the chance to write about your hobbies and experiences, as well as in various aspects of your life. The challenge of writing a health promotion essay, especially a health promotion essay sample, is to put your uniqueness and expertise to the test. It is important to put your unique and intellectual value into context.A health promotion essay can be a challenging assignment, but the right writing sample can make it a simple one. All you need to do is take the time to create the piece you will have the greatest opportunity to exhibit your unique skill set. Finally, write your health promotion essay sample in a manner that best fits your capabilities. You will be glad you did.

Synonymous vs. Nonsynonymous Mutations - Definitions

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the carrier of all the genetic information in a living thing. DNA is like a blueprint for what genes an individual has and the characteristics the individual shows (the genotype and phenotype, respectively). The processes by which DNA is translated using Ribonucleic acid (RNA) into a protein is called transcription and translation. DNAs message is copied by messenger RNA during transcription and then that message is decoded during translation to make amino acids. Strings of amino acids are then put together in the right order to make proteins that express the right genes. This is an intricate process that happens quickly, so there are bound to be mistakes, most of which are caught before they are made into proteins, but some slip through the cracks. Some of these mutations are minor and do not change anything. These DNA mutations are called synonymous mutations. Others can change the gene that is expressed and the phenotype of the individual. Mutations that do change the amino acid, and usually the protein, are called nonsynonymous mutations. Synonymous Mutations Synonymous mutations are point mutations, meaning they are just a miscopied DNA nucleotide that only changes one base pair in the RNA copy of the DNA. A codon in RNA is a set of three nucleotides that encode a specific amino acid. Most amino acids have several RNA codons that translate into that particular amino acid. Most of the time, if the third nucleotide is the one with the mutation, it will result in coding for the same amino acid. This is called a synonymous mutation because, like a synonym in grammar, the mutated codon has the same meaning as the original codon and therefore does not change the amino acid. If the amino acid does not change, then the protein is also unaffected. Synonymous mutations do not change anything and no changes are made. That means they have no real role in the evolution of species since the gene or protein is not changed in any way. Synonymous mutations are actually fairly common, but since they have no effect, then they are not noticed. Nonsynonymous Mutations Nonsynonymous mutations have a much greater effect on an individual than a synonymous mutation. In a nonsynonymous mutation, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This single missing or added nucleotide causes a frameshift mutation which throws off the entire reading frame of the amino acid sequence and mixes up the codons. This usually does affect the amino acids that are coded for and change the resulting protein that is expressed. The severity of this kind of mutation depends on how early in the amino acid sequence it happens. If it happens near the beginning and the entire protein is changed, this could become a lethal mutation. Another way a nonsynonymous mutation can occur is if the point mutation changes the single nucleotide into a codon that does not translate into the same amino acid. A lot of times, the single amino acid change does not affect the protein very much and is still viable. If it happens early in the sequence and the codon is changed to translate into a stop signal, then the protein will not be made and it could cause serious consequences. Sometimes nonsynonymous mutations are actually positive changes. Natural selection may favor this new expression of the gene and the individual may have developed a favorable adaptation from the mutation. If that mutation occurs in the gametes, this adaptation will be passed down to the next generation of offspring. Nonsynonymous mutations increase the diversity in the gene pool for natural selection to work on and drive evolution on a microevolutionary level.

In America, There Is A Huge Educational Gap Between...

In America, there is a huge educational gap between actualizers and strugglers. While the mass population is told that America is â€Å"free,† strugglers feel the thorns of the lash of bondage through education. In most schools in America, the foundation for the type of education entrenched in students is based on two things: socioeconomic status and geographical location. Consequently, strugglers are forced into a system of repeated oppression merely because they do not possess the means of capital. They can be classifies as strugglers because they lack means to consume. According to Google.com, the denotative definition of a struggler is a person who struggles with difficulties or with great effort. On the other hand, the connotative†¦show more content†¦Degrees and their significance is solely based on the education that the given student received because they will know how to use their degree or lack thereof based on their primary and secondary education, and stru gglers who received a poor education will be in an unfortunate place. Poor education in school and no access to money is no excuse to give up because if one does not have an adequate education, they cannot qualify for a degree that will potentially elevate their socioeconomic status. Born into a struggler family infested with homelessness, destitution, and poverty, I chose to educate myself outside of the classroom because my school failed to provide an adequate education to be successful in today’s world. I chose to study abroad in France, which was a complete learning experience in itself. Despite being in a struggler school, an exchange student foundation, American Field Service (AFS), presented the idea of studying abroad. They offered anyone who wanted to embark on this once in a lifetime journey a full scholarship of $15,000. Initially, I thought that it was too good to be true, but I ended up being the only student in my school that went abroad for a year. After experiencing an entirely different way of life, I recognized the historical d ifferences of

Interventions for Fluid Imbalances

Question: Discuss about the Interventions for Fluid Imbalances. Answer: The nurse must weigh the patient daily ate same time often in morning hours Patient needs to have same amount of clothes when weighed on standing scale Nurses should measure fluid amounts getting in and out of body over a period of time Excess fluid can accumulate in arms and legs and can lead to edema when limbs are placed in downward position The limb should be positioned above the heart to facilitate fluid circulation back into the body When patient is in bed, the foot of bed should be elevated to help him relieve fluid from legs and feet Pillows should be used to elevate the arms The nurse should encourage walking around because moving the legs will move fluid from lower limbs (Nuevo, Vennari Agro, 2012) Other interventions include: Monitoring daily weight to determine the fluid therapy of the client Measuring the vital signs to get the data used in the determination of type and amount of fluid therapy Measuring intake and output to monitor the fluid of patient over twenty-four period Provision of oral hygiene to promote client comfort as well as integrity of buccal cavity Initiation of oral fluid therapy like oral replacement therapy for mild dehydration (Felver, 2014) Application of Home care include: Consideration for measuring IO Nursing alert like removing gloves before charting Maintaining tube feeding Monitoring intravenous therapy References Felver, L. (2014). Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and imbalances. In J. L. Lee-Ellen C. Copstead-Kirkhorn, Pathophysiology - E-Book (p. 520). Elsevier Health Sciences. Nuevo, F. R., Vennari, M., Agro, F. (2012). How to maintain and restore fluid balance: crystalloids. In F. Agro, Body Fluid Management: From Physiology to Therapy (p. 38). Springer Science Business Media.

Value and Risk Management in the Chinese Construction Industry

Wireless sensor network and its Applications The WritePass Journal

Wireless sensor network and its Applications Introduction Wireless sensor network and its Applications IntroductionA mote is consisted of four major components:Applications:Military ApplicationsTraffic surveillanceMedical Applications:WSN vs. Mobile Adhoc NetoworksOverview of 802.15.4Physical LayerMac LayerNetwork TopologiesEnergy Conservation and measurement:Related Introduction Wireless sensor networks use sensing techniques to gather information about a phenomenon and react to the events in a specified environment by the means of Sensors. These small, inexpensive, smart devices, which are connected through wireless links, provide unique opportunities for controlling and monitoring environments. Technically, a sensor translates the information from the physical world into signals and prepares them for analysis and processing. The terms, Wireless Nodes, Sensor nodes and motes can be used interchangeably in different contexts. Here we refer to them as motes. Motes are typically produced in large quantities and are usually densely distributed in the network. Their size(or their components size) varies from macroscopic- scale to microscopic or even sometimes nanoscopic-scale. â€Å"Micro-sensors with on-board processing and wireless interfaces can be utilized to study and monitor a variety of phenomena and environments at close proximity.† A mote is consisted of four major components: Processing Unit: For data processing and â€Å"managing the procedures that make the motes collaborate with other nodes to carry out the assigned sensing tasks.† Sensing Unit: To sense the physical world and convert the data into digital signal ready for processing. Transceiver Unit: To provide the connection of nodes in the network. Power Unit:   To supply energy for the device components.   Based on the application, motes may have some additional components such as location finding system, mobilizer and power generator. These components should be put together in a way to fit in a small size module, be adaptive to different environments and consume as little power as possible. The components of a mote Figure is a representation of data acquisition about a phenomena (Process) in the real world which can be sensed by a sensor. The sensed signal needs often needs some changing in order to be processed (Signal Conditioning). For example in order to make the signal range appropriate for conversion some changes on signal magnitude is needed through signal amplification.   Unwanted noise can also be removed through this stage. The analog signal is then transformed to digital signal by using ADC and is ready for further processing or storage. Data acquisition and actuation Applications: Wireless sensor networks can be used in places where wired systems cannot be deployed (e.g., a remote or dangerous area). It can also be used in commercial products to improve the performance or quality of them or provide convenience for their users. Sensor can sense many different variables such as: temperature, humidity, pressure and movement. They can sense an environment continuously or they can be event driven and sense an event when it occurs. Wireless sensor networks can support a wide range of applications. Battlefield surveillance, Bridge and highway monitoring, Earthquake detection, Habitat Monitoring, Health care, Industrial monitoring and control, Tracking wildfires, Traffic flow and surveillance, Video surveillance and Weather monitoring are few examples of its applications. Military Applications One of the first applications of sensor network was military sensing. WSN could be used for monitoring the critical equipment, vehicle or weapons to make sure they are in a proper condition. Terrains, paths and roads could be monitored to sense the presence of opposing forces. They also can be used to enhance the targeting system of ammunitions.   Human teams can be replaced by sensor networks in places affected by biological and chemical warfare or incidents in order to perform nuclear reconnaissance and prevent humans to be exposed to radiations. Traffic surveillance Traffic surveillance is another example of WSN applications. Sensors are placed in predefined places to gather data and send it via wireless links to data centres for further processing. This data can be beneficial for statistical purposes such as vehicle count per day, the number of cars per lane and the average speed of vehicles. It can also be useful for real time applications such as traffic flow monitoring, incident reporting and managing the traffic lights in order to prevent heavy traffics. Real-time traffic flow control Medical Applications: Wireless sensor network benefits are being explored by many hospitals and medical centres around the world. As it can be seen in Figure ? sensors can be implanted in patient body or connected to him in order to collect information about his vital signs such as heart beat, blood pressure and oxygen level in blood. This information can be transferred patient’s medical record for future examinations and long-term inspections. It also can be displayed in real-time or alert physicians based on the sensor program in case of any sudden change in under-care patient condition. infotech.oulu.fi/Annual/2007/opme.html Realization of these various applications requires wireless ad hoc networking techniques. However they are not suitably designed for special features and applications of sensor networks. WSN vs. Mobile Adhoc Netoworks [12] Although there are lots of similarities between Mobile ad networks (MANET) and WSN for instance their lack of network infrastructure, use of multi-hop routing and wireless channel, there are some major differences to point out. Nodes in MANET are designed for human interaction such as laptop and PDAs, whereas in WSN motes are usually left unattended in remote or dangerous locations with the least possible interactions. In WSN â€Å"the topology of the network may change dynamically† due to node failure. It can happen because sometimes motes in some specific areas may be damaged and fail. In some network topologies motes have a sleep/awake cycle in order to save energy, so the topology needs to change when a mote is not available at a specific time. In WSN unlike MANETs the source of energy is limited and the nodes are sometimes left unattended in places where there is no access to them to change or recharge their batteries. â€Å"The range of communications is typically within a few meters and at low rates (some kilobits per second); there are typically a few kilobytes of memory and the processor may operate at speeds of only some megahertz.† Mote design and communication aspect of WSN is totally application dependent and changes based on different application requirements. Motes in some wireless sensor applications remain sleep for the most of their lifetime and transfer their information in a timely basis in order to save energy. So the traffic flow in the network is almost infrequent and delay time is usually higher than MANET networks. Overview of 802.15.4 1-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html   - IEEE 802.15 WPANâ„ ¢Ã‚  Task Group 4 (TG4) 2-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   zigbee.org/Specifications.aspx   ZigBee Alliance the Official Website 3-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=173600329 - EE Times:  The global electronics engineering community The IEEE 802.15.4 and the Zigbee alliance have been working together in order to improve WSN efficiency, safety, security, reliability and convenience of this technology.   IEEE 802.15.4 focuses on physical layer and MAC layer  at the 868MHz (Europe), 915MHz (US) and 2.4GHz (worldwide) ISM bands whereas Zigbee alliances work on higher level protocols. â€Å"The IEEE 802.15 was chartered to investigate a low data rate solution with multi-month to multi-year battery life and very low complexity. It is operating in an unlicensed, international frequency band.† â€Å"Some of the characteristics of IEEE 802.15.4 include: Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps CSMA-CA(Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) channel access Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability Power management to ensure low power consumption 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band, 10 channels in the 915MHz I and one channel in the 868MHz band.† â€Å"The ZigBee specification enhances the IEEE 802.15.4 standard by adding network and security layers and an application framework. From this foundation, Alliance developed standards, technically referred to as public application profiles, can be used to create a multi-vendor interoperable solutions. For custom application where interoperability is not required, manufacturers can create their own manufacturer specific profiles.† [2]Some of the characteristics of ZigBee include: Global operation in the 2.4GHz frequency band according to IEEE 802.15.4 Regional operation in the 915Mhz (Americas) and 868Mhz (Europe). Frequency agile solution operating over 16 channels in the 2.4GHz frequency Incorporates power saving mechanisms for all device classes [802]IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines PHY (physical layer) and MAC (medium access control) layer for the purpose of low data rate wireless communications which consume very low power. Physical Layer Some of the main characteristics of the PHY are the processes of sensing the environment, turning on/off the transceiver, estimating the receiver power/link quality indication and transmitting/receiving the information between two nodes. It finally sends the result of channel assessment to the MAC layer. The PHY is responsible for providing two services: PHY Data Service:   â€Å"Enables the transmission and reception of PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) across the physical radio channel. PHY management service There are different frequency bands and data rates which a device should be able to operate with which are summarized in Table ?.   Table ? – Frequency bands and data rates Mac Layer MAC layer provides access to the physical radio channel to transmit MAC frames. Some of the main characteristics of MAC sublayer are network beaconing, frame validation, Guarantees time slots (GTS) and handles node associations. The MAC layer is responsible for providing two services: MAC Data Service: â€Å"Enables the transmission and reception of MAC protocol data units (MPDUs) across the PHY data service.† MAC Management Service IEEE 802.15.4 MAC can work with both beacon enabled and non-beacon models. When it is on non-beacon model it is a simple CSMA/CA protocol but in beacon enable mode it works with super frame structure, shown in Fig? . The frame starts with a Beacon which is sent by coordinator periodically. The frame also contains inactive period and active period. During the inactive period the device switches to low power mode and communicate with others during active period. The Beacon Interval is calculated based different attributes. In Active period the portion is divided into 16 slots which consist of three parts: Connection Access Period (CAP), Collision Free Period (CFP) (the GTS sections within it is for specific nodes) and the beacon. Fig ? Superframe structure Network Topologies ZigBee supports 3 types of topologies: Star, Mesh(peer-to-peer) and Cluster tree as shown in Fig ? .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Star topology: In this topology the communication is only between the single central controller called Personal Area Network (PAN) coordinator and other devices in the network which is mostly suitable for small networks such as single hop networks. A PAN coordinator usually has a unique identifier which is only used by this specific coordinator and allows different star networks to operate separately in the same area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mesh topology: This topology also has a PAN coordinator like Star topology but with the difference of having communication not only between coordinator and devices but between devices as well when they are in the range of one another. Although it makes the network structure more complex, but as a result of allowing multi-hop routing it is suitable for large networks. It also can be an adhoc network with self-healing and self-organizing characteristics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cluster tree topology: Cluster tree network is a form of peer-to-peer network. One coordinator operates as a PAN coordinator which has the responsibility of defining Cluster Heads (CH). The CH is a kind of Full Function Device (FFD) which can act as a coordinator. Each Reduced Function Device (RFD) then can selects its CH and joins that cluster. This kind of structure has a great impact on energy saving in the network which will be discussed later.   Fig ? Topology Model Energy Conservation and measurement: [24]A wireless sensor network is created with hundreds or thousands of sensor motes, distributed independently in a remote area with the responsibility of sensing the environment, processing information and communicating with other motes in the network for years with a limited source of energy provided by a small battery which is almost impossible to be changed or recharged during motes life time. Therefore the concept of energy consumption management in the network has become one of the most important aspects of wireless sensor network design and implementation. The power saving approach has affected the mote design, power management strategies, communication and routing protocols of the WSN. Generally energy saving methods are divided in two major categories: Energy saving at Mote level; aims to selects the most energy efficient components of the device and trade off unnecessary operations in order to save energy based on the application requirements. Energy saving at Communication level; selecting the most efficient communication methods and protocols to conserve energy at this level. Power saving at mote level: The first step in saving energy at mote level is to find out where the energy is consumed in the mote. As it was mentioned before, a mote consists of 4 components: Processing Unit, Sensor, Transceiver and a Power supply to provide energy for the mentioned parts. Based on the experimental measurements in [40] data transmission is more energy consuming that data processing. Passive sensors such as temperature sensors on the other hand consume a small amount of power compared to other components which is almost usually negligible. Table ? shows a power model of a Mica2 mote in different states.

POL 300 INDIVIDUAL WRITING ASSIGMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

POL 300 INDIVIDUAL WRITING ASSIGMENT - Essay Example In this case, the first example from a Presidential address, would be from January 1961 and John Kennedy’s address to the nation, after being elected the nation’s 35th President of the United States. The following would be an excerpt from Kennedy’s address to the world: In taking with the notion of idealism, another concept to consider would be the idea of being realistic about something, or exhibiting realism. By assessing the provided addresses given by chief executive’s, the example to use first would be the address given by President Richard Nixon. The following citation would come from the second address that he would have given in January 1973. In his speech, Nixon makes mention of America’s role in preserving peace globally. In the second paragraph of his speech, he asserts that, â€Å"It is important that we understand both the necessity and the limitations of America’s role in maintaining that peace,† (Nixon, 1973, para. 2). A realistic viewpoint in that, as Nixon himself asserted, America would have a position of aiding in the goal of protecting global peace but in the end, would have limitations that it should remember. Lastly, the final concept to observe would be national interest. The example for this concept would be the second address given by US President George W. Bush, in January 2005. At the end of the section of his address, Bush makes known the following: The example used from President George W. Bush’s speech in 2005, would in fact be a mixture of both national interest but also, would possess an element of idealism to it. In asserting the interest of maintaining that which the nation would have taken on, he also seeks to assert the idealism of providing the gift of freedom to those who, had it not been for such an act, may not have had the opportunity to experience freedom for themselves. After considering the viewpoints provided

Privatization of Juvenile Facilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Privatization of Juvenile Facilities - Essay Example This represented over 30,000 juvenile offenders (Bayer, & Pozen, 2003). In 1974, Congress passed the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act which encouraged the community to develop reasonable alternatives to incarceration. This request saw the adoption of privatization as an appropriate mechanism that could be used for deinstitutionalization. As a result, by 1990, nearly 90 % of states had a minimum of one contract with a private corporation that was non profit. On the other hand, 60% of states had a minimum of one contract with a private corporation for profit to operate a facility for juveniles. Due to the overcrowding experienced in prisons, high costs of operating prisons, and the high cost of building new prisons, many states find privatization a viable option. The issue of privatization of juvenile facilities raises certain important issues. If a state were to privatize its juvenile facilities, which component of the facilities will be most effectively privatized? Suc h that the negative impact of privatization is minimized. Armstrong (2001) notes that the government or the state must retain and continue funding the costs that are associated with incarceration of the delinquents. The private corporation on the other hand, should take care of the programmatic and custodial managerial services. This is an effective approach as it allows the private sector to handle issues that are less sensitive. The state continues to meet the direct costs of incarcerated delinquents. This way the incarcerated juveniles will be able to access critical services like educational programming and quality nutrition. Many of the private corporations are out to make profits. Privatization of the costs of incarceration of the delinquents will see incarcerated delinquents being deprived of essential services as observed in the Oklahoma example. The Office of Juvenile Affairs contracted a for- profit private corporation. This contract was terminated in the year 2002 after c oncerns were raised about the operations of the juvenile facility. The contract was also terminated in an effort to cut down the budget of the Office of Juvenile Affairs. The OCCY (Oklahoma Commission on Children and Youth) raised concerns about the absence of educational programs and proper nutrition for the juveniles (Office of Juvenile Affairs, 2010). The state stands a better chance to effectively manage juvenile facilities. This is because the state is a non profit organization that will emphasize on delivering the essential services to the incarcerated juveniles as opposed to maintaining the bottom line and cutting costs at the detriment of the incarcerated juveniles. Today, it is a fact that many states consider privatization of juvenile facilities a viable option. Despite the negative aspects closely associated with privatization of these facilities, states continue to privatize the facilities in an effort to reduce overcrowding and minimize operation costs. What can then be done to ensure that the interests of the public are preserved by the privatized juvenile facilities? One good and effective approach is the setting up of a state agency mandated with the constant evaluation and monitoring of state juvenile facilities and the juvenile programs. These agencies will have the ability to conduct random visits to the privatized juvenile facilities and assess conditions of the facilities and state of juveniles and staff. In this way,

HRM policies in support of organizational objectives Essay Example for Free

HRM policies in support of organizational objectives Essay Employee role for achieving organizational objectives is based on several factors. Each factor is either interrelated to other or may have direct impact on employee performance considering strategic HRM policies. Rewards play a very important role in influencing employee behavior towards meeting organizational goals and increasing their motivational level that positively supports organizational commitment. Different jobs have diversifying demands for the offering of benefits to employees depending on the constituencies of each benefit system. However, employees focus on goals achievement behavior and thus adopt a comprehensive policy for providing benefits to employees. These benefits include on-service perks and bonuses off-service compensation packages in the form of different pension plans. Benefits and rewards system affect a set of individual factors that in combine enable the organization to implement their strategic HRM policies as for supporting organizational objectives. It must be ensured that these benefits and compensation system complies the equity principle thus increasing the harmony and address the recognition, employee rights, motivation, behavioral control, and employee performance management issues. These benefits are directly dependant on the type of the job and employee demands. Younger employees are seem to be more oriented towards higher pay earnings whereas old employees show long term return concern in terms of pension and retirement packages. Implementation of strategic HRM policies in organization becomes great challenge due to resistance by employees as such policies also concern change management in uncertain market conditions. Companies offer numerous benefits such as annual bonuses, perks, overtime allowances, plussage, premia, and other incentives either based on individual performance or group performance. Such bonuses are essential if companies aim at getting benefit from the skills and services of employees for longer term, due to unique skills and potential capability to grow in organization in future. Overtime allowances and premia are essential to motivate the employees for working in odd working timings or more than the usual working hours. In order to support short run operations of firm such allowances enable policy makers to achieve objectives through effective utilization of HRM policies. In order to classify the performance of employee in manufacturing concern firms performance based bay deem appropriate facilitating rewarding the employees based on the results and goals achieved. Concerning the goal based approach, performance based pay is productive to regulate and motivate employees towards achieving higher productive outcomes measured in terms of quantifiable objectives. In contrast to that, skill based pay supports the strategic HRM policy implementation when organizations are unable to classify the objectives in real terms; objectives are set based on the viability of employees to achieve through utilizing their skills qualitative in nature. It must be ensured that skills based rewards require assessing the monetary rewards considering the impact of business growth expansion. Positively valuing the competency of employee increases the motivation level and subsequently results in greater organization commitment. However, this pay system is not suitable to achieve organization objectives in rapidly changing working environment as specific skills become obsolete due to inadequacy to conform latest business requirement. Strategic HRM policies aimed at assessing the potential opportunities for firm in long term by involvement of employees in decision making thus setting the common goal set as corporate objective. Pension plans offer more convenience to firms when they need to retain employees for longer duration; thus in order to profound the policies on regulating employees, pension plans convey the focus towards increasing employee performance aligning to organizational objectives. Occupational pension schemes in addition to state pension scheme offers employee recognition based on their service duration; proper conveying the return outcome to employees especially who are more oriented towards organization goals achievement and shows higher level organizational commitment. Group personal schemes in addition to state pension scheme increases the capability of organization for delivery of HRM policies to sustain in market for longer duration; employees involvement in such programs shows the willingness of employees to understand the organization objectives and potential capability associating to aligning behavior and driving the employees in a particular directional objectives of organization. In addition to pension benefits to permanent employees of organization, adjoining compensation packages and rewards giving the allowances such as sick pay, overtime allowances, and fringe benefits in the form of premia, special compensation for higher research studies, and providing utility facilities such as company maintained cars, employee health insurance, medical allowance, providing company maintained house for specific number of employees. These rewards affect the intrinsic motivational factors of employees due to trust of company being shown in employees by offering various forms of rewards and benefits; classifies the ability to deliver strategic HRM policies based on the situation need and ability of employees of conform. Flexible benefits given to employees are more suitable due to its convenience in practical implication in driving employees’ behavior pertaining to the objectives setting and long term goals achievement. HRM policies must deliver the clear information to employees for the related expectation and demands that address the organization goal setting and strategies adopted to achieve such goals.

Delaware Diary Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frank Dale’s view of the Delaware River is of change and challenge. The Delaware Diary is shown through tragedy and prosperity, hope and grief, but above all it is told through the stories of those who were there. As his subtitle suggests, episodes in the life of a river, he symbolically represents the river as having a life of its own through the stories and accounts of the people who had some particular impact by the river or to the river. There are many stories to be told of the river, but here are a few significant turning points in American history in part by that river. These episodes of the river make up a timeline to further give the river life, and in many ways, character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historically, the earliest accounts of the river are by the Lenni-Lenape Indians. They may be considered the original human inhabitors of the area. One of the most notorious land scams perpetrated against the Lenni-Lenape was the infamous Walking Purchase of 1737. Two sons of William Penn, John and Thomas, had acquired a deed signed by theur father with the Lenni-Lenape, they said, that gave to William and his heirs a generally triangular piece of land in the Pocono Mountains of eastern Pennsylvania. One boundary was to be the west into the forrest â€Å"as far as a man could walk in a day and a half. The third line would be drawn at a right angle from the end of the walked line back to the river. The sons engaged the three fastest men in the ...

Db Forum

A. Springer Liberty University Organizational Design and Structure BUSBIES Dry. Johnny Maddox August 19, 2013 Q: Why is shared information so important in a learning organization in comparison to an efficient performance organization? A: Whenever you share information it promotes collaboration and communication between specific groups. It helps identify problems and solve particular issues within an organization. Sharing information, keeps the lines of communication open and the natural flow of ideas enhances learning, and keeps people connected.Sharing information ensures that all employees are aware of issues and serves the goal of open communication, equality, change, personal development, awareness and continuous improvement that will benefit the organization. A learning organization follows a horizontal structure and puts emphasis â€Å"self -directed teams,† which may include members from several functional areas. Frederick Taylor pioneered an efficient performance organ ization during the industrial revolution by retooling workers to improve efficiency and labor productivity (Daft, 2013, p. 5). These insights helped establish the role of management for maintaining stability and efficiency. Taylor created new standards for production through correct movements, tools, and proper sequencing, each laborer was able to pull the efficient load for the amount of time he was allowed (Daft, 2013, p. 26). In contrast, a learning organization would be viewed from a symbolic frame of reference. In this style of organization, the manager emphasizes â€Å"symbols, vision, culture and inspiration† (Daft, 2013, p. 26).In a learning organization the product is a trained or educated student, not a physical, manufactured product. Within a learning organization, shared information is as important as iron ore to an efficient performance organization. In the steel industry, iron ore makes steel. In a learning organization, shared information helps to manufacture a trained student. Not only is the organization providing information to the student, it is continuously trying to improve the learning process. Shared information is the key to the improvement process.An the efficient performance organization is based on a hierarchy of command in a more functional design. There is very little collaboration r overlapping responsibilities between people. Q: Discuss how an organization's approach to sharing information may be related to other elements of organization design such as: structure, tasks, strategy, and culture. A: Structure: Commonly work groups are structured to perform activities that work in the same group, from the bottom to the top of the organization. There is very little collaboration and control by upper level managers.This structure can have high efficiency in productions and in keep up with the problems and opportunities that face many companies in today's market. There has been a decrease in top senior positions to support financ e or human resources, teams are being organized as a work unit (Daft, 2013, p. 30). Tasks: Typically in organizations tasks are broken down into pieces of assigned work that are categorized into specialized and separate parts. With the control of tasks and the knowledge employees are expected to perform the tasks they are given.The efficient performance organization supports Job descriptions and Job functions that break down the task with clear expectations and performances, the learning objective initiates the creative and role concept. This role may constantly change and evolve as specific goals and objectives are being determined (Daft, 2013, p. 30). Strategy: The efficient performance organization defines the plan at the top of an organization that encompasses a vision and a mission statement. No input is usually added from the employees thus making upper management the only ones with influence or a voice in any matter.You have to see the future but create a plan in the present. Goals and strategies define the scope of the operation and the relationship among the employees, competitors and customers (Daft, 2013, p. 0). Culture: An efficient performance organization may use old school techniques and motivation to. The learning organization promotes improvement, change, openness, equality, and is sometimes described as a family environment where the employees are treated with respect and embraced for their leadership qualities (Daft, 2013, p. 20-21).Q: What are some differences that one might anticipate among the expectations of stakeholder for a nonprofit organization versus a for-profit business? A: The biggest difference between these two kinds of stakeholders is the expectation for financial reward. Non-profit organizations are not expected to make any profit through its operations so the stakeholders don't expect this but stakeholders in profit making organizations expect the company to make profits for their benefit. Both models have to generate a prof it in order to survive and grow.In addition, both have to generate money to pay their bills. If a corporation is to acquire new assets it will need profits to grow so they can invest. With a non profit, contributions from corporations and from other people can be used to invest (Daft, 2013, p. 13). Q: Do you believe nonprofit managers have to pay more attention to stakeholders than business managers? A: Managers for nonprofit companies need to pay attention to the business because when they do not get contributions they may not be able to meet operating cost for the business.Also, managers direct their activities towards earning money for the company and while managers direct their efforts toward generating some kind of social impact for stakeholders (Archie ; Shebang, 2009, p. 85). Q: How might a company's goals for employee development be related to its goals for innovation and hangs? How might a company's goals for employee development be related to its goals for productivity? Ex plain the ways that these types of goals may conflict in an organization? A: Employee development helps to maintain a trained, motivated and committed workforce so that they are able to respond to innovation and change.Employees are able to produce goods and services and some goals may initially cause a decrease in profit and because employee development can be costly. Goals goal and implement strategies for productivity that can be approached differently by employees. This can also cause conflict, but the best plan can be determined by trial and error. Symptoms of structural deficiency can appear as a result of too many problems and to many decisions related to those problems, if the hierarchy delegates responsibility to the lower levels it still may be insufficient.Different organizational structures need to use innovation to accompany all aspects of decision making, ranging from what the marketing department may need to what the research department may need. If the structure does not define clear goals, responsibilities ND mechanisms for coordination, a decline in employee performance can occur. If you have too much conflict you must combine all goals to encase the entire organization ( Daft, 2013, p. 108-109). Q: Suppose you have been asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the police department in a medium-sized community.Where would you begin? How would you proceed? What effectiveness approach would you prefer? A: This question can be answered by many different approaches, you can identify the goals, resources, and the internal process of the department since the apartment is a social organization as well as part of the government, and the community, the overall satisfaction of the employees also helps assess the department for its overall satisfaction. Q: What types of organizational activities do you believe are most likely to be outsourced?A: Organizations prefer to outsource their IT functions like website development, software upgrading, data feeding , and data warehousing. The human resources department and business processes function to perform like recruitment, secretarial service, payroll, accounting, keeping, maintaining invoice, management of taxes and auditing to in compliance with corporate governance. They may even outsource recruitment, hiring, and employee training (Daft, 2013, p, 101-102).Q: What types are least likely? A: The least likely portion of an organization to be outsourced would probably be sales and marketing, these things matter more to the core structure of the organization. Company employees have a better understanding of the industry and they invest their interest in the company with the decisions they make for the benefit f the company's overall goals (Daft, 2013, p. 102). Q: How can/should a biblical worldview be applied?A: â€Å"If among you, one of your brothers should become poor, in any of your towns within your land that the Lord your God is giving you, you shall not harden your heart or shut y our hand against your poor brother, but you shall open your hand to him and lend him sufficient for his need, whatever it may be. Take care lest there be an unworthy thought in your heart and you say, ‘The seventh year, the year of release is near,' and your eye look grudgingly on your poor brother, and you give him nothing, ND he cry to the Lord against you, and you be guilty of sin.You shall give to him freely, and your heart shall not be grudging when you give to him, because for this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in all that you undertake. For there will never cease to be poor in the land. Therefore I command you, You shall open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor, in your above passage, it advocates we give to those that are poor or more needy ourselves. It says we should give to charity freely which in turn helps non-profit organizations roved for those that need help, likewise we can give leadership by providing our time and experience in helping that agency.

U.s. Citizen s Response - 1557 Words

April 20, 1999, a day that brought shame and grief to the country of America. It took the nation twelve student deaths, one teacher fatality, two suicides and twenty-one others whom were left seriously injured to finally provoke a close examination of the increasing levels of violence that were occurring countrywide. At 11:19am, after attending their early morning bowling class, eighteen-year-old Eric Harris and seventeen-year-old Dylan Klebold carried out a mass shooting at their own local high school situated in the small town of Columbine in Jefferson County Colorado. Armed with semi-automatic rifles, hand guns and numerous other explosives, the horror inflicted by the two individuals lasted approximately 12 minutes before they concluded by taking their own lives. What intensified the spread of fear across many was the realisation that if such an episode could strike a quiet suburb community such as Columbine, similar occurrences had the capacity to shatter lives anywhere now mor e so than ever. U.S citizen’s response to the killings was to palpably determine the reasoning behind what could have driven two young teenagers to commit such horrific murders. To no surprise it was for the majority of them and also the government to subsequently conclude from analysed possibilities it was founded from bullying in the classroom and violence portrayed via the media. The scale of such an event and the debate amongst many as to what enabled two such beings to A. be fuelled by suchShow MoreRelatedU.s. Involvement : An Argumentative Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesU.S. Involvement in Syria: an Argumentative Essay Breaking news! US strikes Syrian military airfield in first direct assault on Assad government (Vanden Brook paragraph 1.) 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