Where relevant make reference to the royal art ancient empires of Essay

Where relevant make reference to the royal art ancient empires of Ghana and Mali - Essay Example This statue consists of a distinct style that brings out the real nature of the chief’s authority. The lines on the surface of the robe show the depth of the folds express on the sculpture. This only brings out the richness of the textile worn by the chief (Walker and Chaplin, 1997). This is an image of the King of the Kuba people from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The king of the Kuba people was in charge of the political, economic and social organization of the kingdom. As a sign of authority, the king would adorn a distinct head gear comprising of certain feathers. These feathers were a symbol of authority only fit for the king. The other pieces of clothing contain exquisitely embroidered textiles that have organized geometric patterns. He also has anklets on his feet and bracelets on his arms, and he is holding a spear in his right hand. As a king, it was his duty to protect his people as well as command all the political power in the region. Adorning in such attire was a way of expressing the power commanded by the king since no one else could wear

An Assignment on the Linguistic Acquisition Device Essay Example for Free

An Assignment on the Linguistic Acquisition Device Essay In linguistics, language acquisition is the process through which human beings obtain the capability to comprehend and perceive language as well as produce sentences and words and utilize them to communicate. According to Chomsky, his Linguistic Acquisition Device (LAD) encompassed a device that children were born that could be defined as the inborn ability to comprehend the language principles. This LAD fits his innateness Hypothesis of language acquisition because he believed that once a child was exposed to language, the LAD would enable him or her to learn language in an outstanding pace as also elucidated under his critical period hypothesis Question Two According to Noam Chomsky’s critical period hypothesis, human speech encompassed a genetically programmed ability that had a critical age threshold. This is because like a variety of other human behaviors, an individual’s ability to acquire language is based on critical periods that are defined as the limited time span during which the individual is sensitive to the language acquisition external stimuli that enables him or her to acquire language. Once this time is surpassed the individual has minimum chances of acquiring language. This critical period in language acquisition was adolescence to Chomsky. Question Three Genie was discovered in Los Angeles on November 4, 1970. She was discovered by a social worker in Temple City, California when she accompanied her mother as she sought for disability benefits due to near blindness. The social worker had initially sensed that something was wrong with Genie and she got so shocked when she greeted them and discovered that Genie was actually 13 years old though the social worker had estimated that she was autistic and half that age. The social worker contacted her supervisor, who after questioning Genie’s mother contacted the police. Genie’s parents were later arrested and she was made the ward of the court and later transferred to the Children’s Hospital Lost Angeles. She was unable to acquire a language within a critical period due to the severe child abuse she went through under the hands of her father. Question Four The symptoms she displayed of this failure after she was discovered were here severe undersize regardless of her advanced age of 13 years. She had no understanding of grammar she could only comprehend 15-20 words. Two short phrases were what consisted of her active vocabulary and hence she had complete lack of speech, not because she was selectively mute but because she lacked any type of language. Though she had considerable memories of her past she lacked a way to communicate them. Question Five The forbidden experiment was the language deprivation experiment under which infants were isolated from any normal utilization of signed or spoken language as an attempt to discover the origin or language or human nature’s fundamental characteristics. Viktor became a model of this experiment because before his discovery he had lived in a forest like a wild animal and had been unable to understand or speak any language. After being placed under the care of Dr Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, he acquired the language rudiments and became socialized. Question Six She began to use the two-word phrases when she started to understand about 200 vocabulary words. Her speech began to improve after settling in her ne surrounding though it continued to exhibit latency. With time she started using negative forms with not rather than the prefix un. By October 1973 she could easily comprehend complex negation forms. By October 1971 she could listen to people talking and even contribute to the conversations. By November f the same year her speech and grammar could be equated to that of an 18 or 20 month old baby. By 1972 she could use complex noun phrases and regular plurals as well as understand interrogative words. By 1973 she was using determiners, definite articles, possessives and imperative sentences. She however did not acquire automatic speech. Question Seven The ethical implications of the language deprivation experiment are that it encompassed an inhuman experiment that would deprive the infants of their language acquisition abilities. Regardless of this Viktor benefited from this experiment because he was later able to acquire language rudiments and be socialized. The ethical implications of the experiments on Genie were linked to the fact that they subjected her to additional child abuse rather than help her because the researchers were more focused on the results of their results rather than hoe the research could benefit Jeanie. To some extent Jeanie benefited from the experiments because her language abilities improved but the researchers used her to acquire fame.

Julius Caesar Essay: Flawed Models of Leadership -- Julius Caesar Ess

Julius Caesar: Flawed Models of Leadership Leadership is a recurrent theme in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. The play is centred on a group of men in leadership positions. The political setting and mood of Julius Caesar, lend itself well to Shakespeare's insights into the human condition. As the players' personalities develop through the course of the play, we see that his portrayal of their character-types (which still endure today) is both consistent and accurate. Julius Caesar has many fine examples of arrogance in leadership. We see Caesar's pretensions as quite laughable. "But I am constant as the northern star, of whose true-fix'd and resting quality there is no fellow in the firmament", and "the things that threaten'd me ne'er look'd but on my back: when they shall see the face of Caesar, they are vanished" demonstrate his pride. Shakespeare suggests that although being 'sure of yourself' is a necessary characteristic for a good leader (as it enables decisive action and 'courage'); it should also be tempered with humility. The confidence of a leader, in turn, instils confidence in his/her followers. The quote, "And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive; yet in the number I do know but one that unassailable holds on his rank, unshaked of motion: and that I am he", is an example of the comfort and security that his words provided the common people. Caesar's absolute faith in his greatness and right to rule was in the perfect climate, in the midst of a community that was seeking a 'ruler'. The followers were more sheep than thinker... ...other conspirators as traitors, the crowd is wild. Antony's transparent "sweet friends let me not stir you up to such a sudden flood of mutiny" is just the beginnings of his carefully-orchestrated urgings to them. When he finally sets them loose, it is with a "Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot, take thou what course thou wilt!"- an exclamation which sounds 'heartstrong', but not very well-thought out. Shakespeare advises that such a leader can be dangerous. Through a well-developed cast and a complex play about men, politics and power; Shakespeare has once again demonstrated his mastery of the humanity of the characters he creates. The flawed models of leadership we examine in Julius Caesar aptly lend themselves to the theory that "an imperfect world gives power to imperfect men".

Original Writing Coursework on Prince Escalus

As I was walking through the dark, shadowed streets of Legnago, I noticed something strange about the man standing against the wall. He was dressed in an all black doublet covered in gold embroidery partially hidden by his fur lined cloak. There was something odd yet so familiar about him but I just couldn't get my hand on it. No matter how hard I tried the thought kept on eating away at me. I walked past him and recognized him as Frederick, one of the Partisans, our rival family for the past 10 years. It began with a little argument about who got the last piece of fruit from a vendor in the street. Over the years this developed into a feud with the several meetings that they had between them in the streets. Words were spoken, fists had been blazing with rage, but nothing had been done to stop this. He had a history of a hot-headed temper that no-one would have liked to set off so I carried on my journey home. I was nearly home when I heard a noise behind me. But it was only a strayed cat that had just knocked over the bin. Then I heard a different noise from behind but I ignored it that time. I had a feeling that I was being followed. Soon, I could hear footsteps which were rapidly increasing. In a matter of moments the person was on my heels. I turned around and saw that the mysterious person was Frederick. He had drawn his sword with a devilish grin on his face. I evaded his first attack and drew out my sword quick enough to parry the second. Some of his attacks tore my doublet and my shirt. Some were more serious and wounded me. I saw an opening in his attacks and struck him down to the ground. This was my opportunity to escape and I took it. Struggling to the door, with no strength left in me, I collapsed right at the doorstep. Luckily my parents were waiting for me to return and they heard the noise outside. They were shocked when they saw me and they helped me inside. First they got me fresh clothes and got me cleaned up before they said anything. â€Å"What happened to you?† said Lady Torrington. Then I explained to my parents how I saw one of the Partisans and how we fought each other until I fled. They were furious and they went on and on about how atrocious the Partisans were and how they had the nerve to attack their son. All I wanted was for the family feud to end so that our families could have peaceful and normal lives. I tried many times in the past to encourage them to stop this ridiculous feud. My parents loved me but sometimes I felt that they just ignored what I said. After a full night rest I regained my vigour, so I set out to see my friend Lucentio. Lucentio was a courteous, friendly and pleasant person, but his parents were a whole different story. They used to beat him and they didn't care for him at all. I was playing in the street when I saw him huddled up outside a shop. My first instinct was to just ignore him but my heart told me better. I walked up to him, asked him what was wrong and comforted him. We've been friends ever since. He wasn't the sort of person that would get into fights. In fact, even if it had nothing to do with him he would try and stop it. On the way to his house, I saw a big crowd gathered together in the street and I was curious to see what it was about. I pushed and shoved my way through to the front of the crowd. The expression of my face went blank. My good friend Lucentio was lying on the hard, concrete ground desperately struggling for words. â€Å"Who did this to you Lucentio†, I asked impatiently. He didn't answer straight away but he got there in the end. â€Å"It†¦was†¦Fred†¦er†¦.rick†, he replied. â€Å"How did he know Lucentio was my friend? Had he been spying on me?† I thought to myself. These were his last words before he stopped moving and died. I swore to avenge the death of my friend and that I would get Frederick back for what he did to Lucentio. I went looking for Frederick but I had no luck at all in finding him. He was probably keeping a low profile so as not to attract any attention. I asked the local people if they had seen a man dressed in a black doublet and a fur lined cloak but they had no information to provide me with. This had me so frustrated that I was about to give up my search when I came to a poorly dressed man on the street that I recognized. He was the very same vendor from ten years ago. I didn't think he would know, but I asked him anyway. It was just my luck that he saw him walk past a few minutes ago and he pointed me in his direction. I thanked him and I was on my way. It wasn't long before I found him wandering through one of the alleyways. I shouted at him to stop but as soon as he turned around and saw my face he ran away quickly. But, he didn't get far. I caught up to him and got my breath back. When he didn't expect it, I pulled out my sword and slashed at him, but I missed. This enraged me even more than I already was. He also drew his sword and tried blocking my attacks but I kept on slicing at him wildly. I was out of control. But then, he got the better of me and I was forced to the ground. I was crawling backwards and desperately trying to get up but with no success. All the while Frederick was advancing on me ready to strike. He thrust his sword toward me and I stuck my sword out in front of me with my eyes closed, fearing for the worst. I opened my eyes and nothing had happened to me. I was completely fine but Frederick on the other hand was lying on the ground motionless in a pool of blood. My sword had pierced him through his heart and he had died almost immediately. â€Å"What have I done†, I was thinking, â€Å"I've been a complete fool not to realise that all this thirst for revenge has driven me mad and caused me to kill another human being.† I knew that I couldn't keep on standing there gazing at the motionless Frederick otherwise I would be caught. So I left and went home contemplating about what just happened. There was nothing left for me there in Legnago except the consequences I would have to face. This family feud caused me to cross the line and commit a felony which was not worth it at all. I couldn't stay there anymore I thought to myself. I didn't want to be a part of this feud any longer than I already had been. I had to run away. But where could I go? Then it struck me that I could go to Verona to live with my relatives. I wanted to forget whatever had happened but I even knew that the guilt will stay with me forever. Nevertheless I packed up all my important belongings and I set off on my journey to Verona, a fresh start.

President Franklin Roosevelt’s Foreign Policies

Foreign policies, although sometimes similar, varies from administration to administration. The policy makers, who are normally the closest aids or sometimes-even confidants, tend to have tremendous influences on these guiding principles. The foreign policies of America have help shaped the world as it is today, whether by providing aids to countries that have no structural governments or by defending American interest abroad. An example of these policies is president Franklin Roosevelt’s quarantine speech, given on 5th October 1937. Adolf Hitler and the fascist Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini are irrefutably threatening the world’s peace. In an effort to protect the peace, President Roosevelt’s quarantine speech seems to be a devised policy that would counter such a threat. A major setback however is that the neutrality acts has been passed by congress, curtailing America’s capability of backing and or supporting nations with whom we empathize. Sources in the White House indicate that the president may find other ways of assisting friendly countries. In his speech, the president has articulated concerns about the agonies guiltless people face. Women and children are mostly susceptible to these bombings. Without the declaration of war, they are the primary casualties of war. Although collateral damage is inevitable, the suggestion by the president is that prevention can be achieved by mainly placing political and economic pressures on the aggressors. He said, â€Å"The one country that wants to be a power monger jeopardizes the peace of the other nations. However, the country, which respects the freedom of other nations, which exercises patience with consideration of the other countries, earns the longstanding mutual respect and the approval of others. † He concluded by stating that just as when a pandemic breaks out, the population approves the quarantine of the patients; the quarantine of discrimination and ruthlessness were going to be headstrong, it is necessary for the United States to stay away from war. In his words, the president alleged, â€Å"America hates war, American hopes for peace. Therefore America actively engages in the search for peace. † This speech coupled with the aggressiveness of Germany and her allies has aroused a surprisingly mixed reaction within the country, especially amongst the isolationists. Then again, it appears that the president does not have any particular programs or plans in mind to combat the rising issue at hand. In an effort to pressure the United States and reiterate the Open Door policy in China, a delegation was sent to a meeting with the 1922 signatories of the Nine-Power Treaty in Brussels. Meanwhile, the Japanese just seized the Chinese city of Shanghai and continue to penetrate deep into the country at the cost of 100,000 lives. As it stands, it is very likely that America will be going to war due to the Japanese bombings of the U. S. gunboat Panay on the Yangtze River in China while sailors were helping the evacuation of Americans from the embassy in Nanking. Again, America has escaped the tides of war as the Japanese conformed to American demands of apology and reparations. In the meantime, the imminence of war in Europe has driven the Roosevelt administration into seeking assistance for the British and French and still isolationists refute the idea of war. An example is William Borah, Senator of Idaho, who obstinately insists that his sources are more reliable than that of State Department, and according to them, war is unlikely. Despite all the efforts, the outbreak of war in Europe and the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor has led the United States to war with the belligerents.

OCD displayed in the movie as good as it gets essays

OCD displayed in the movie as good as it gets essays This was a very interesting movie, which showed a man's struggle with the disorder of OCD. In the beginning of the movie Jack Nicholsons symptoms were shown in a manner that mirrored OCD symptoms exactly. There were many symptoms toward the disorder that were shown throughout the video such as his routines of washing his hands and the locking of his doors. Even the way he went about his daily routines, such as walking over sidewalk cracks and bringing his own eating utensils to the restaurant. He was a very unique character. If one did not know that he had OCD they would see him as a very strange type of person with very extraordinary habits. For example, the people in the restaurant never liked him because of his treatment of others, the way he mannered himself and his disregard for others. What they didnt see was his hidden character, which was a very caring person; he just didnt like sharing his inner beauty with others because of the disorder. When his daily routines were forced into change he started to become a different person. The changes in his life starting occurring when his neighbor Simon was mugged, and he was forced to accept the responsibility of taking care of his dog. He surprisingly became attached to the dog, and eventually overpasses his negative feelings toward Simon and became friends with him. His waitress at the restaurant, Carol, also played a very important role in his life. When she was forced to stay home and take care of her kid, it upset his daily routine. He even went to her house due to his OCD. With this though it brought about changes that would have a great impact on his life. At the expense of his publisher he hired a personal doctor to take care of her son so Carol could resume work. At first Carol did not understand this and become extremely frustrated. All of the main characters become intertwined when Melvin (Jack Nicholson) grudgingly a ...

The Relationship between Vocal Health and Contemporary Singing essay

The Relationship between Vocal Health and Contemporary Singing essay The Relationship between Vocal Health and Contemporary Singing essay The Relationship between Vocal Health and Contemporary Singing essayPeople of â€Å"vocal† professions – actors, singers, speakers, teachers, and others inevitably encounter in their activities with the problems of voice health care. However, little attention to voice hygiene in schools results in improper voice use leading to both acute and chronic illnesses that require treatment of phoniatrician, otolaryngologist, or phonopedist. Thus, at the early stages of the learning process, the vocal department students already form the attitude to the problem of maintaining the phonation function in working condition as to a medical issue, whereas in our view, a singer’s vocal health is primarily a pedagogical problem. In particular, we consider it fundamentally important for the learning process of vocalists to develop a system of measures to preserve the vocal health, and develop practical skills for its maintenance.First of all, it should be noted that the voice expl oitation should be carried out strictly according to individual capabilities, peculiarities of vocal apparatus structure and the level of singing skills. Irrational use of voice (unusual tessitura, prolonged singing, forcing sound) leads to diseases of the organs involved in voice generation, namely acute and chronic occupational laryngitis, papules on vocal cords, bleeding in vocal cords. In addition, contemporary singers very often face a situation where the vocalist finds oneself in acoustically uncomfortable conditions: singing in an anechoic room with a lot of upholstered furniture absorbing sound, singing at the rehearsal in a small room, especially with live drums, giving concert without foldback. As a result, for example, from 300 singers and musical groups of Tartu (Estonia), 85.3% suffered from disorders of voice, and 73% of them had abnormal larynx diagnosed by laryngoscopy and stroboscope. Further,145 persons had a chronic inflammation of the larynx, and 142 singers show ed functional disorders as a defect of the glottis closing, and uneven movement of cords (DeVore Cookman, 2009).Good voice hygiene suggests that vocal exercise should not last more than 45 minutes without a break, should be regular, start with singing warm-up and held in tessitura peculiar to the individual’s voice. Otherwise, overloading weakens laryngeal muscles, the voice loses its sonority, becomes uncontrollable, and excessive mucus accumulates in the larynx. At the same time, little, insufficient, irregular exercise leads to rapid fatigue of the apparatus, its poor endurance. In this case, it becomes crucial for the singers to develop the skill to listen to the body, learn its capabilities (Sataloff, 2006). The skill of muscle control while singing is the ability to â€Å"listen† to the muscles of the vocal apparatus, know the feelings of proper singing, which helps to cope with difficulties in acoustic changes, that is to be guided not by hearing, but by the us ual, tried and tested experience. This, for example, helps to sing well in the choir when the own voice is not heard.In turn, the training of individual vocal, auditory skills, and muscle control skills are directly related to the efficient vocal exercises. In particular, it is necessary to be able to prepare the voice for both, operation and recreation, which requires a vocalist to master special complexes like warm up and warm off. Thus, the shorter the performance is and the more time left to it, the longer the warm up is needed to be on top shape by the time of the performance (usually about 30 minutes). It is also necessary to warm up before each rehearsal. The load on the ligaments and the entire body should be reduced gradually as well. After singing is finished, conversational voice must sound normally, with no signs of hoarseness. If during the concert nothing unexpected happened to the voice, to relax, it is enough to sing the chromatic scale in the sound [i:] a few times or closed sound from a comfortable key in mid-range to the lowest note, and then pause for a while (Peckham, 2005). If the voice is somehow affected by the forcing, it is necessary to repeat this a few times to achieve the effect.Contemporary singers should also note the significance of the psycho-emotional state, as all the changes occurring in the human body primarily affect the voice function. Favorable psychological climate, joyous mood, upbeat tone, cheerfulness, keeping the sleep schedule – these are the keys to healthy vocalising. In particular, it is known that chronic sleep deprivation removes force and sonority of voice and leads to fatigue. Peckham’s study (2005) showed that a well-rested vocalist copes better with technically complex vocal techniques, has better concentration and more power to master new vocal exercises and musical pieces. Cold training and sports contribute to the overall strengthening of the body. Singers are particularly recommended to d o swimming, fencing, rowing, tennis, gymnastics and breathing exercises.Diet also influences the voice sound. In particular, for singers it is harmful to eat foods that irritate the mucous membrane spicy, bitter food in large amounts, overly sweet or sour, piping hot or icy cold foods, as well as carbonated water. In addition, digestion requires a rush of blood to the digestive organs, which decreases activity of voluntary muscles of the larynx. Full stomach also presses on the diaphragm and interferes with normal breathing. Therefore, it is recommended to have meal not later than 2-3 hours before the start of exercises or performances (Sataloff, 2006). It should also be borne in mind that before singing one should not eat nuts, seeds, biscuits, vegetable oil, chocolate, grapes, as small particles of these products are deposited in the folds of mucous membrane, can cause a feeling of tickling and desire to cough, which interferes the process of the vocal apparatus.Meanwhile, normal state of the vocal apparatus is when all the mucous membranes are moistened. Therefore, during singing exercises it is recommended to moisturize the throat drinking still water, and generally follow the adequate daily intake of water. The main factors of throat dryness are the insufficient room humidity, strong tea and alcohol abuse. Thus, the use of alcohol also leads to reddening of the mucosa, edema and release of large amounts of mucus, dry throat, stagnant circulation phenomena, and hoarseness. Smoking gives a similar effect: tobacco smoke containing nicotine, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide and other harmful substances systematically irritating the mucous membrane of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi promotes the development of chronic respiratory diseases (DeVore Cookman, 2009). Therefore, it is recommended not only get rid of this bad habit, but also to stop singing in areas where others smoke or have just smoked.Hogikyan and colleagues at University of Mic higan summed up 10 tips to keep voice in shape (Hogikyan Rosen, 2002):Drink water to avoid dehydration, avoid alcohol and caffeine.Allow several â€Å"vocal naps† every day, especially during periods of extended use of voice.Do not smoke, or if you already do, quit.Do not abuse or misuse voice.Keep throat and neck muscles relaxed both when singing high and low notes.Control the everyday speech voice.Do not clear throat too often.When getting tired, spare the voice.Having to speak publicly to large groups or outdoors, think about using amplification to avoid straining the voice.Humidify home and work areas as moist air is good for the voice.In general, singing requires great concentration of attention, mobilization of emotional and mental resources, and intellectual energy of the singer. That is why it is necessary to remember the importance of compliance with the â€Å"safety rules† that exist to prevent singer from losing the voice, if not forever, then for a long ti me, as well as to keep the vocal apparatus in optimal shape. Constant quenching with fresh air, sun, water, regular physical and vocal exercises, work and rest regimes and keeping balance of physical and spiritual strength – this is what should get in the habit of a contemporary vocalist (Sataloff, 2006). We see the appropriate fundamental components of the concept of a singer’s vocal health as the prevention of respiratory diseases, voice hygiene and speech functions rehabilitation. At the same time, the notion of vocal health for the singer should be polysystemic and considered in conjunction with the functional well-being of other organs and systems of the human body, as well as it should not be abstract, but present part of the basis of training. Solution to this problem lies primarily on vocal coaches, who are personally responsible not only for the artistic and technical skill level, but also for the formation of skills to maintain the vocal health in future sing ers.