Wireless sensor network and its Applications The WritePass Journal

Wireless sensor network and its Applications Introduction Wireless sensor network and its Applications IntroductionA mote is consisted of four major components:Applications:Military ApplicationsTraffic surveillanceMedical Applications:WSN vs. Mobile Adhoc NetoworksOverview of 802.15.4Physical LayerMac LayerNetwork TopologiesEnergy Conservation and measurement:Related Introduction Wireless sensor networks use sensing techniques to gather information about a phenomenon and react to the events in a specified environment by the means of Sensors. These small, inexpensive, smart devices, which are connected through wireless links, provide unique opportunities for controlling and monitoring environments. Technically, a sensor translates the information from the physical world into signals and prepares them for analysis and processing. The terms, Wireless Nodes, Sensor nodes and motes can be used interchangeably in different contexts. Here we refer to them as motes. Motes are typically produced in large quantities and are usually densely distributed in the network. Their size(or their components size) varies from macroscopic- scale to microscopic or even sometimes nanoscopic-scale. â€Å"Micro-sensors with on-board processing and wireless interfaces can be utilized to study and monitor a variety of phenomena and environments at close proximity.† A mote is consisted of four major components: Processing Unit: For data processing and â€Å"managing the procedures that make the motes collaborate with other nodes to carry out the assigned sensing tasks.† Sensing Unit: To sense the physical world and convert the data into digital signal ready for processing. Transceiver Unit: To provide the connection of nodes in the network. Power Unit:   To supply energy for the device components.   Based on the application, motes may have some additional components such as location finding system, mobilizer and power generator. These components should be put together in a way to fit in a small size module, be adaptive to different environments and consume as little power as possible. The components of a mote Figure is a representation of data acquisition about a phenomena (Process) in the real world which can be sensed by a sensor. The sensed signal needs often needs some changing in order to be processed (Signal Conditioning). For example in order to make the signal range appropriate for conversion some changes on signal magnitude is needed through signal amplification.   Unwanted noise can also be removed through this stage. The analog signal is then transformed to digital signal by using ADC and is ready for further processing or storage. Data acquisition and actuation Applications: Wireless sensor networks can be used in places where wired systems cannot be deployed (e.g., a remote or dangerous area). It can also be used in commercial products to improve the performance or quality of them or provide convenience for their users. Sensor can sense many different variables such as: temperature, humidity, pressure and movement. They can sense an environment continuously or they can be event driven and sense an event when it occurs. Wireless sensor networks can support a wide range of applications. Battlefield surveillance, Bridge and highway monitoring, Earthquake detection, Habitat Monitoring, Health care, Industrial monitoring and control, Tracking wildfires, Traffic flow and surveillance, Video surveillance and Weather monitoring are few examples of its applications. Military Applications One of the first applications of sensor network was military sensing. WSN could be used for monitoring the critical equipment, vehicle or weapons to make sure they are in a proper condition. Terrains, paths and roads could be monitored to sense the presence of opposing forces. They also can be used to enhance the targeting system of ammunitions.   Human teams can be replaced by sensor networks in places affected by biological and chemical warfare or incidents in order to perform nuclear reconnaissance and prevent humans to be exposed to radiations. Traffic surveillance Traffic surveillance is another example of WSN applications. Sensors are placed in predefined places to gather data and send it via wireless links to data centres for further processing. This data can be beneficial for statistical purposes such as vehicle count per day, the number of cars per lane and the average speed of vehicles. It can also be useful for real time applications such as traffic flow monitoring, incident reporting and managing the traffic lights in order to prevent heavy traffics. Real-time traffic flow control Medical Applications: Wireless sensor network benefits are being explored by many hospitals and medical centres around the world. As it can be seen in Figure ? sensors can be implanted in patient body or connected to him in order to collect information about his vital signs such as heart beat, blood pressure and oxygen level in blood. This information can be transferred patient’s medical record for future examinations and long-term inspections. It also can be displayed in real-time or alert physicians based on the sensor program in case of any sudden change in under-care patient condition. infotech.oulu.fi/Annual/2007/opme.html Realization of these various applications requires wireless ad hoc networking techniques. However they are not suitably designed for special features and applications of sensor networks. WSN vs. Mobile Adhoc Netoworks [12] Although there are lots of similarities between Mobile ad networks (MANET) and WSN for instance their lack of network infrastructure, use of multi-hop routing and wireless channel, there are some major differences to point out. Nodes in MANET are designed for human interaction such as laptop and PDAs, whereas in WSN motes are usually left unattended in remote or dangerous locations with the least possible interactions. In WSN â€Å"the topology of the network may change dynamically† due to node failure. It can happen because sometimes motes in some specific areas may be damaged and fail. In some network topologies motes have a sleep/awake cycle in order to save energy, so the topology needs to change when a mote is not available at a specific time. In WSN unlike MANETs the source of energy is limited and the nodes are sometimes left unattended in places where there is no access to them to change or recharge their batteries. â€Å"The range of communications is typically within a few meters and at low rates (some kilobits per second); there are typically a few kilobytes of memory and the processor may operate at speeds of only some megahertz.† Mote design and communication aspect of WSN is totally application dependent and changes based on different application requirements. Motes in some wireless sensor applications remain sleep for the most of their lifetime and transfer their information in a timely basis in order to save energy. So the traffic flow in the network is almost infrequent and delay time is usually higher than MANET networks. Overview of 802.15.4 1-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html   - IEEE 802.15 WPANâ„ ¢Ã‚  Task Group 4 (TG4) 2-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   zigbee.org/Specifications.aspx   ZigBee Alliance the Official Website 3-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=173600329 - EE Times:  The global electronics engineering community The IEEE 802.15.4 and the Zigbee alliance have been working together in order to improve WSN efficiency, safety, security, reliability and convenience of this technology.   IEEE 802.15.4 focuses on physical layer and MAC layer  at the 868MHz (Europe), 915MHz (US) and 2.4GHz (worldwide) ISM bands whereas Zigbee alliances work on higher level protocols. â€Å"The IEEE 802.15 was chartered to investigate a low data rate solution with multi-month to multi-year battery life and very low complexity. It is operating in an unlicensed, international frequency band.† â€Å"Some of the characteristics of IEEE 802.15.4 include: Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps CSMA-CA(Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) channel access Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability Power management to ensure low power consumption 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band, 10 channels in the 915MHz I and one channel in the 868MHz band.† â€Å"The ZigBee specification enhances the IEEE 802.15.4 standard by adding network and security layers and an application framework. From this foundation, Alliance developed standards, technically referred to as public application profiles, can be used to create a multi-vendor interoperable solutions. For custom application where interoperability is not required, manufacturers can create their own manufacturer specific profiles.† [2]Some of the characteristics of ZigBee include: Global operation in the 2.4GHz frequency band according to IEEE 802.15.4 Regional operation in the 915Mhz (Americas) and 868Mhz (Europe). Frequency agile solution operating over 16 channels in the 2.4GHz frequency Incorporates power saving mechanisms for all device classes [802]IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines PHY (physical layer) and MAC (medium access control) layer for the purpose of low data rate wireless communications which consume very low power. Physical Layer Some of the main characteristics of the PHY are the processes of sensing the environment, turning on/off the transceiver, estimating the receiver power/link quality indication and transmitting/receiving the information between two nodes. It finally sends the result of channel assessment to the MAC layer. The PHY is responsible for providing two services: PHY Data Service:   â€Å"Enables the transmission and reception of PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) across the physical radio channel. PHY management service There are different frequency bands and data rates which a device should be able to operate with which are summarized in Table ?.   Table ? – Frequency bands and data rates Mac Layer MAC layer provides access to the physical radio channel to transmit MAC frames. Some of the main characteristics of MAC sublayer are network beaconing, frame validation, Guarantees time slots (GTS) and handles node associations. The MAC layer is responsible for providing two services: MAC Data Service: â€Å"Enables the transmission and reception of MAC protocol data units (MPDUs) across the PHY data service.† MAC Management Service IEEE 802.15.4 MAC can work with both beacon enabled and non-beacon models. When it is on non-beacon model it is a simple CSMA/CA protocol but in beacon enable mode it works with super frame structure, shown in Fig? . The frame starts with a Beacon which is sent by coordinator periodically. The frame also contains inactive period and active period. During the inactive period the device switches to low power mode and communicate with others during active period. The Beacon Interval is calculated based different attributes. In Active period the portion is divided into 16 slots which consist of three parts: Connection Access Period (CAP), Collision Free Period (CFP) (the GTS sections within it is for specific nodes) and the beacon. Fig ? Superframe structure Network Topologies ZigBee supports 3 types of topologies: Star, Mesh(peer-to-peer) and Cluster tree as shown in Fig ? .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Star topology: In this topology the communication is only between the single central controller called Personal Area Network (PAN) coordinator and other devices in the network which is mostly suitable for small networks such as single hop networks. A PAN coordinator usually has a unique identifier which is only used by this specific coordinator and allows different star networks to operate separately in the same area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mesh topology: This topology also has a PAN coordinator like Star topology but with the difference of having communication not only between coordinator and devices but between devices as well when they are in the range of one another. Although it makes the network structure more complex, but as a result of allowing multi-hop routing it is suitable for large networks. It also can be an adhoc network with self-healing and self-organizing characteristics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cluster tree topology: Cluster tree network is a form of peer-to-peer network. One coordinator operates as a PAN coordinator which has the responsibility of defining Cluster Heads (CH). The CH is a kind of Full Function Device (FFD) which can act as a coordinator. Each Reduced Function Device (RFD) then can selects its CH and joins that cluster. This kind of structure has a great impact on energy saving in the network which will be discussed later.   Fig ? Topology Model Energy Conservation and measurement: [24]A wireless sensor network is created with hundreds or thousands of sensor motes, distributed independently in a remote area with the responsibility of sensing the environment, processing information and communicating with other motes in the network for years with a limited source of energy provided by a small battery which is almost impossible to be changed or recharged during motes life time. Therefore the concept of energy consumption management in the network has become one of the most important aspects of wireless sensor network design and implementation. The power saving approach has affected the mote design, power management strategies, communication and routing protocols of the WSN. Generally energy saving methods are divided in two major categories: Energy saving at Mote level; aims to selects the most energy efficient components of the device and trade off unnecessary operations in order to save energy based on the application requirements. Energy saving at Communication level; selecting the most efficient communication methods and protocols to conserve energy at this level. Power saving at mote level: The first step in saving energy at mote level is to find out where the energy is consumed in the mote. As it was mentioned before, a mote consists of 4 components: Processing Unit, Sensor, Transceiver and a Power supply to provide energy for the mentioned parts. Based on the experimental measurements in [40] data transmission is more energy consuming that data processing. Passive sensors such as temperature sensors on the other hand consume a small amount of power compared to other components which is almost usually negligible. Table ? shows a power model of a Mica2 mote in different states.

POL 300 INDIVIDUAL WRITING ASSIGMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

POL 300 INDIVIDUAL WRITING ASSIGMENT - Essay Example In this case, the first example from a Presidential address, would be from January 1961 and John Kennedy’s address to the nation, after being elected the nation’s 35th President of the United States. The following would be an excerpt from Kennedy’s address to the world: In taking with the notion of idealism, another concept to consider would be the idea of being realistic about something, or exhibiting realism. By assessing the provided addresses given by chief executive’s, the example to use first would be the address given by President Richard Nixon. The following citation would come from the second address that he would have given in January 1973. In his speech, Nixon makes mention of America’s role in preserving peace globally. In the second paragraph of his speech, he asserts that, â€Å"It is important that we understand both the necessity and the limitations of America’s role in maintaining that peace,† (Nixon, 1973, para. 2). A realistic viewpoint in that, as Nixon himself asserted, America would have a position of aiding in the goal of protecting global peace but in the end, would have limitations that it should remember. Lastly, the final concept to observe would be national interest. The example for this concept would be the second address given by US President George W. Bush, in January 2005. At the end of the section of his address, Bush makes known the following: The example used from President George W. Bush’s speech in 2005, would in fact be a mixture of both national interest but also, would possess an element of idealism to it. In asserting the interest of maintaining that which the nation would have taken on, he also seeks to assert the idealism of providing the gift of freedom to those who, had it not been for such an act, may not have had the opportunity to experience freedom for themselves. After considering the viewpoints provided

Privatization of Juvenile Facilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Privatization of Juvenile Facilities - Essay Example This represented over 30,000 juvenile offenders (Bayer, & Pozen, 2003). In 1974, Congress passed the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act which encouraged the community to develop reasonable alternatives to incarceration. This request saw the adoption of privatization as an appropriate mechanism that could be used for deinstitutionalization. As a result, by 1990, nearly 90 % of states had a minimum of one contract with a private corporation that was non profit. On the other hand, 60% of states had a minimum of one contract with a private corporation for profit to operate a facility for juveniles. Due to the overcrowding experienced in prisons, high costs of operating prisons, and the high cost of building new prisons, many states find privatization a viable option. The issue of privatization of juvenile facilities raises certain important issues. If a state were to privatize its juvenile facilities, which component of the facilities will be most effectively privatized? Suc h that the negative impact of privatization is minimized. Armstrong (2001) notes that the government or the state must retain and continue funding the costs that are associated with incarceration of the delinquents. The private corporation on the other hand, should take care of the programmatic and custodial managerial services. This is an effective approach as it allows the private sector to handle issues that are less sensitive. The state continues to meet the direct costs of incarcerated delinquents. This way the incarcerated juveniles will be able to access critical services like educational programming and quality nutrition. Many of the private corporations are out to make profits. Privatization of the costs of incarceration of the delinquents will see incarcerated delinquents being deprived of essential services as observed in the Oklahoma example. The Office of Juvenile Affairs contracted a for- profit private corporation. This contract was terminated in the year 2002 after c oncerns were raised about the operations of the juvenile facility. The contract was also terminated in an effort to cut down the budget of the Office of Juvenile Affairs. The OCCY (Oklahoma Commission on Children and Youth) raised concerns about the absence of educational programs and proper nutrition for the juveniles (Office of Juvenile Affairs, 2010). The state stands a better chance to effectively manage juvenile facilities. This is because the state is a non profit organization that will emphasize on delivering the essential services to the incarcerated juveniles as opposed to maintaining the bottom line and cutting costs at the detriment of the incarcerated juveniles. Today, it is a fact that many states consider privatization of juvenile facilities a viable option. Despite the negative aspects closely associated with privatization of these facilities, states continue to privatize the facilities in an effort to reduce overcrowding and minimize operation costs. What can then be done to ensure that the interests of the public are preserved by the privatized juvenile facilities? One good and effective approach is the setting up of a state agency mandated with the constant evaluation and monitoring of state juvenile facilities and the juvenile programs. These agencies will have the ability to conduct random visits to the privatized juvenile facilities and assess conditions of the facilities and state of juveniles and staff. In this way,

HRM policies in support of organizational objectives Essay Example for Free

HRM policies in support of organizational objectives Essay Employee role for achieving organizational objectives is based on several factors. Each factor is either interrelated to other or may have direct impact on employee performance considering strategic HRM policies. Rewards play a very important role in influencing employee behavior towards meeting organizational goals and increasing their motivational level that positively supports organizational commitment. Different jobs have diversifying demands for the offering of benefits to employees depending on the constituencies of each benefit system. However, employees focus on goals achievement behavior and thus adopt a comprehensive policy for providing benefits to employees. These benefits include on-service perks and bonuses off-service compensation packages in the form of different pension plans. Benefits and rewards system affect a set of individual factors that in combine enable the organization to implement their strategic HRM policies as for supporting organizational objectives. It must be ensured that these benefits and compensation system complies the equity principle thus increasing the harmony and address the recognition, employee rights, motivation, behavioral control, and employee performance management issues. These benefits are directly dependant on the type of the job and employee demands. Younger employees are seem to be more oriented towards higher pay earnings whereas old employees show long term return concern in terms of pension and retirement packages. Implementation of strategic HRM policies in organization becomes great challenge due to resistance by employees as such policies also concern change management in uncertain market conditions. Companies offer numerous benefits such as annual bonuses, perks, overtime allowances, plussage, premia, and other incentives either based on individual performance or group performance. Such bonuses are essential if companies aim at getting benefit from the skills and services of employees for longer term, due to unique skills and potential capability to grow in organization in future. Overtime allowances and premia are essential to motivate the employees for working in odd working timings or more than the usual working hours. In order to support short run operations of firm such allowances enable policy makers to achieve objectives through effective utilization of HRM policies. In order to classify the performance of employee in manufacturing concern firms performance based bay deem appropriate facilitating rewarding the employees based on the results and goals achieved. Concerning the goal based approach, performance based pay is productive to regulate and motivate employees towards achieving higher productive outcomes measured in terms of quantifiable objectives. In contrast to that, skill based pay supports the strategic HRM policy implementation when organizations are unable to classify the objectives in real terms; objectives are set based on the viability of employees to achieve through utilizing their skills qualitative in nature. It must be ensured that skills based rewards require assessing the monetary rewards considering the impact of business growth expansion. Positively valuing the competency of employee increases the motivation level and subsequently results in greater organization commitment. However, this pay system is not suitable to achieve organization objectives in rapidly changing working environment as specific skills become obsolete due to inadequacy to conform latest business requirement. Strategic HRM policies aimed at assessing the potential opportunities for firm in long term by involvement of employees in decision making thus setting the common goal set as corporate objective. Pension plans offer more convenience to firms when they need to retain employees for longer duration; thus in order to profound the policies on regulating employees, pension plans convey the focus towards increasing employee performance aligning to organizational objectives. Occupational pension schemes in addition to state pension scheme offers employee recognition based on their service duration; proper conveying the return outcome to employees especially who are more oriented towards organization goals achievement and shows higher level organizational commitment. Group personal schemes in addition to state pension scheme increases the capability of organization for delivery of HRM policies to sustain in market for longer duration; employees involvement in such programs shows the willingness of employees to understand the organization objectives and potential capability associating to aligning behavior and driving the employees in a particular directional objectives of organization. In addition to pension benefits to permanent employees of organization, adjoining compensation packages and rewards giving the allowances such as sick pay, overtime allowances, and fringe benefits in the form of premia, special compensation for higher research studies, and providing utility facilities such as company maintained cars, employee health insurance, medical allowance, providing company maintained house for specific number of employees. These rewards affect the intrinsic motivational factors of employees due to trust of company being shown in employees by offering various forms of rewards and benefits; classifies the ability to deliver strategic HRM policies based on the situation need and ability of employees of conform. Flexible benefits given to employees are more suitable due to its convenience in practical implication in driving employees’ behavior pertaining to the objectives setting and long term goals achievement. HRM policies must deliver the clear information to employees for the related expectation and demands that address the organization goal setting and strategies adopted to achieve such goals.

Delaware Diary Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frank Dale’s view of the Delaware River is of change and challenge. The Delaware Diary is shown through tragedy and prosperity, hope and grief, but above all it is told through the stories of those who were there. As his subtitle suggests, episodes in the life of a river, he symbolically represents the river as having a life of its own through the stories and accounts of the people who had some particular impact by the river or to the river. There are many stories to be told of the river, but here are a few significant turning points in American history in part by that river. These episodes of the river make up a timeline to further give the river life, and in many ways, character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historically, the earliest accounts of the river are by the Lenni-Lenape Indians. They may be considered the original human inhabitors of the area. One of the most notorious land scams perpetrated against the Lenni-Lenape was the infamous Walking Purchase of 1737. Two sons of William Penn, John and Thomas, had acquired a deed signed by theur father with the Lenni-Lenape, they said, that gave to William and his heirs a generally triangular piece of land in the Pocono Mountains of eastern Pennsylvania. One boundary was to be the west into the forrest â€Å"as far as a man could walk in a day and a half. The third line would be drawn at a right angle from the end of the walked line back to the river. The sons engaged the three fastest men in the ...

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A. Springer Liberty University Organizational Design and Structure BUSBIES Dry. Johnny Maddox August 19, 2013 Q: Why is shared information so important in a learning organization in comparison to an efficient performance organization? A: Whenever you share information it promotes collaboration and communication between specific groups. It helps identify problems and solve particular issues within an organization. Sharing information, keeps the lines of communication open and the natural flow of ideas enhances learning, and keeps people connected.Sharing information ensures that all employees are aware of issues and serves the goal of open communication, equality, change, personal development, awareness and continuous improvement that will benefit the organization. A learning organization follows a horizontal structure and puts emphasis â€Å"self -directed teams,† which may include members from several functional areas. Frederick Taylor pioneered an efficient performance organ ization during the industrial revolution by retooling workers to improve efficiency and labor productivity (Daft, 2013, p. 5). These insights helped establish the role of management for maintaining stability and efficiency. Taylor created new standards for production through correct movements, tools, and proper sequencing, each laborer was able to pull the efficient load for the amount of time he was allowed (Daft, 2013, p. 26). In contrast, a learning organization would be viewed from a symbolic frame of reference. In this style of organization, the manager emphasizes â€Å"symbols, vision, culture and inspiration† (Daft, 2013, p. 26).In a learning organization the product is a trained or educated student, not a physical, manufactured product. Within a learning organization, shared information is as important as iron ore to an efficient performance organization. In the steel industry, iron ore makes steel. In a learning organization, shared information helps to manufacture a trained student. Not only is the organization providing information to the student, it is continuously trying to improve the learning process. Shared information is the key to the improvement process.An the efficient performance organization is based on a hierarchy of command in a more functional design. There is very little collaboration r overlapping responsibilities between people. Q: Discuss how an organization's approach to sharing information may be related to other elements of organization design such as: structure, tasks, strategy, and culture. A: Structure: Commonly work groups are structured to perform activities that work in the same group, from the bottom to the top of the organization. There is very little collaboration and control by upper level managers.This structure can have high efficiency in productions and in keep up with the problems and opportunities that face many companies in today's market. There has been a decrease in top senior positions to support financ e or human resources, teams are being organized as a work unit (Daft, 2013, p. 30). Tasks: Typically in organizations tasks are broken down into pieces of assigned work that are categorized into specialized and separate parts. With the control of tasks and the knowledge employees are expected to perform the tasks they are given.The efficient performance organization supports Job descriptions and Job functions that break down the task with clear expectations and performances, the learning objective initiates the creative and role concept. This role may constantly change and evolve as specific goals and objectives are being determined (Daft, 2013, p. 30). Strategy: The efficient performance organization defines the plan at the top of an organization that encompasses a vision and a mission statement. No input is usually added from the employees thus making upper management the only ones with influence or a voice in any matter.You have to see the future but create a plan in the present. Goals and strategies define the scope of the operation and the relationship among the employees, competitors and customers (Daft, 2013, p. 0). Culture: An efficient performance organization may use old school techniques and motivation to. The learning organization promotes improvement, change, openness, equality, and is sometimes described as a family environment where the employees are treated with respect and embraced for their leadership qualities (Daft, 2013, p. 20-21).Q: What are some differences that one might anticipate among the expectations of stakeholder for a nonprofit organization versus a for-profit business? A: The biggest difference between these two kinds of stakeholders is the expectation for financial reward. Non-profit organizations are not expected to make any profit through its operations so the stakeholders don't expect this but stakeholders in profit making organizations expect the company to make profits for their benefit. Both models have to generate a prof it in order to survive and grow.In addition, both have to generate money to pay their bills. If a corporation is to acquire new assets it will need profits to grow so they can invest. With a non profit, contributions from corporations and from other people can be used to invest (Daft, 2013, p. 13). Q: Do you believe nonprofit managers have to pay more attention to stakeholders than business managers? A: Managers for nonprofit companies need to pay attention to the business because when they do not get contributions they may not be able to meet operating cost for the business.Also, managers direct their activities towards earning money for the company and while managers direct their efforts toward generating some kind of social impact for stakeholders (Archie ; Shebang, 2009, p. 85). Q: How might a company's goals for employee development be related to its goals for innovation and hangs? How might a company's goals for employee development be related to its goals for productivity? Ex plain the ways that these types of goals may conflict in an organization? A: Employee development helps to maintain a trained, motivated and committed workforce so that they are able to respond to innovation and change.Employees are able to produce goods and services and some goals may initially cause a decrease in profit and because employee development can be costly. Goals goal and implement strategies for productivity that can be approached differently by employees. This can also cause conflict, but the best plan can be determined by trial and error. Symptoms of structural deficiency can appear as a result of too many problems and to many decisions related to those problems, if the hierarchy delegates responsibility to the lower levels it still may be insufficient.Different organizational structures need to use innovation to accompany all aspects of decision making, ranging from what the marketing department may need to what the research department may need. If the structure does not define clear goals, responsibilities ND mechanisms for coordination, a decline in employee performance can occur. If you have too much conflict you must combine all goals to encase the entire organization ( Daft, 2013, p. 108-109). Q: Suppose you have been asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the police department in a medium-sized community.Where would you begin? How would you proceed? What effectiveness approach would you prefer? A: This question can be answered by many different approaches, you can identify the goals, resources, and the internal process of the department since the apartment is a social organization as well as part of the government, and the community, the overall satisfaction of the employees also helps assess the department for its overall satisfaction. Q: What types of organizational activities do you believe are most likely to be outsourced?A: Organizations prefer to outsource their IT functions like website development, software upgrading, data feeding , and data warehousing. The human resources department and business processes function to perform like recruitment, secretarial service, payroll, accounting, keeping, maintaining invoice, management of taxes and auditing to in compliance with corporate governance. They may even outsource recruitment, hiring, and employee training (Daft, 2013, p, 101-102).Q: What types are least likely? A: The least likely portion of an organization to be outsourced would probably be sales and marketing, these things matter more to the core structure of the organization. Company employees have a better understanding of the industry and they invest their interest in the company with the decisions they make for the benefit f the company's overall goals (Daft, 2013, p. 102). Q: How can/should a biblical worldview be applied?A: â€Å"If among you, one of your brothers should become poor, in any of your towns within your land that the Lord your God is giving you, you shall not harden your heart or shut y our hand against your poor brother, but you shall open your hand to him and lend him sufficient for his need, whatever it may be. Take care lest there be an unworthy thought in your heart and you say, ‘The seventh year, the year of release is near,' and your eye look grudgingly on your poor brother, and you give him nothing, ND he cry to the Lord against you, and you be guilty of sin.You shall give to him freely, and your heart shall not be grudging when you give to him, because for this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in all that you undertake. For there will never cease to be poor in the land. Therefore I command you, You shall open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor, in your above passage, it advocates we give to those that are poor or more needy ourselves. It says we should give to charity freely which in turn helps non-profit organizations roved for those that need help, likewise we can give leadership by providing our time and experience in helping that agency.

U.s. Citizen s Response - 1557 Words

April 20, 1999, a day that brought shame and grief to the country of America. It took the nation twelve student deaths, one teacher fatality, two suicides and twenty-one others whom were left seriously injured to finally provoke a close examination of the increasing levels of violence that were occurring countrywide. At 11:19am, after attending their early morning bowling class, eighteen-year-old Eric Harris and seventeen-year-old Dylan Klebold carried out a mass shooting at their own local high school situated in the small town of Columbine in Jefferson County Colorado. Armed with semi-automatic rifles, hand guns and numerous other explosives, the horror inflicted by the two individuals lasted approximately 12 minutes before they concluded by taking their own lives. 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